TOWARDS THE SELECTION IN VITRO FOR RESISTANCE TO ALTERNARIA BRASSICICOLA (SCHW.) WILTS., IN BRASSICA NAPUS SSP. OLEIFERA (METZG.) SINSK., WINTER OILSEED RAPE

Macdonald, M. V.; Ingram, D. S.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1986.tb00662.x

Cited by 35 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Similar results were obtained in other systems such as Brassica napus and Altcrnaria brassicicola (MCDONALD and INGRAM 1986) or Cucumis melo and Fusarium oxysporum (MEGNEGNEAU and BRANCHARD 1991 …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Effects of Ophiostoma ulmi and Ophiostoma novo‐ulmi culture filtrates on elm cultures from genotypes with different susceptibility to Dutch elm disease

Díez¹,

Gil

1998

European Journal of Forest Pathology

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Summary Cell cultures of callus tissue cultures obtained from four elm genotypes (Ulmus minor; Ulmus minor×Ulmus pumila; [Ulmus carpinifolia×Ulmus glabra] × [Ulmus wallichiana×Ulmus glabra]; and Ulmus pumila), either susceptible or resistant to Dutch elm disease (DED) were exposed to culture filtrates of Ophiostoma ulmi and Ophiostoma novo‐ulmi. Elm cells were largely affected by crude culture filtrate incorporated into the media. However, the correlation between ‘in vivo’ cell resistance and growth in the presence of culture filtrate was poor: the effects of fungal media components were greater than that exerted by fungal exotoxins. Therefore, it is concluded that these ‘in vitro’ assays cannot be used to evaluate resistance sources to DED in elms, or to assess specific pathogenicity of fungal isolates.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Effects of Ophiostoma ulmi and Ophiostoma novo‐ulmi culture filtrates on elm cultures from genotypes with different susceptibility to Dutch elm disease

Díez¹,

Gil

1998

European Journal of Forest Pathology

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“…The NK lines described by Giamoustaris & Mithen (1995) with very low levels of leaf glucosinolates were originally selected as being resistant to Alternaria in laboratory screening tests (Mary MacDonald, PBI Cambridge, personal communication, 1992;MacDonald & Ingram, 1986). Subsequent field tests in unprotected disease nurseries were not successful because the lines were highly palatable to pigeons and hares due to their lack of glucosinolates (Mithen, 1992;Giamoustaris & Mithen, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

**Glucosinolates and disease resistance in oilseed rape (Brassica napus ssp. oleifera)**

Giamoustaris

Mithen

1997

Plant Pathology

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The hypothesis that enhancing the level of glucosinolates in leaves of oilseed rape would increase resistance to two fungal pathogens was tested. Thirty-three Brassica napus lines with variable leaf glucosinolate contents were assessed for susceptibility to infection by Leptosphaeria maculans and Alternaria spp. under field conditions. The data clearly showed that there was not a simple positive relation between glucosinolate content and resistance, and that the hypothesis can be refuted. The level of Alternaria infection of both leaves and pods was positively correlated with glucosinolate content, while for L. maculans there was no significant relationship between the two variables. It is suggested that these pathogens have become specialists on glucosinolate-containing taxa in an analogous way to insect herbivores.

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“…A. brassicicola produces a toxin in culture media that causes necrosis on Brassica and other plant species (MacDonald and Ingram, 1986), and the Brassica-specific AB-toxin is produced specifically upon germination of A. brassicicola (Otani et al, 1998). Since plants often show typical ''resistance'' reactions in response to toxin treatment (Wang et al, 1996;Navarre and Wolpert, 1999;Stone et al, 2000), we decided to test the sensitivities of B. rapa lines 7-R and 18-NR to Alternaria toxin.…”

Section: Induction Of Cell Death By Alternaria Toxin In Responsive Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in Cell Death Induction by Phytophthora Elicitins Are Determined by Signal Components Downstream of MAP Kinase Kinase in Different Species of Nicotiana and Cultivars ofBrassica rapaandRaphanus sativus

2005

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Elicitins are small, secreted proteins produced by species of the plant-pathogenic oomycete Phytophthora. They induce hypersensitive cell death in most Nicotiana species and in some cultivars of Brassica rapa and Raphanus sativus. In this study, two true-breeding Fast Cycling B. rapa lines were established that showed severe necrosis (line 7-R) or no visible response (line 18-NR) after treatment with elicitin. Unexpectedly, microscopic examination revealed localized cell death in line 18-NR plants, and expression levels of various defense-marker genes were comparable in both lines. These results suggested that both ''responsive'' and ''nonresponsive'' plants responded to elicitin but differed in the extent of the cell death response. Expression of a constitutively active form of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) MAP kinase kinase 4 (AtMEK4 DD ) also induced rapid development of confluent cell death in line 7-R, whereas line 18-NR showed no visible cell death. Similarly, elicitin-responsive Nicotiana species and R. sativus cultivars showed significantly stronger cell death responses following expression of AtMEK4 DD compared with nonresponsive species/cultivars. Line 7-R also showed higher sensitivity to toxin-containing culture filtrates produced by Alternaria brassicicola, and toxin sensitivity cosegregated with elicitin responsiveness, suggesting that the downstream responses induced by elicitin and Alternaria toxin share factors that control the extent of cell death. Interestingly, elicitin responsiveness was shown to correlate with greater susceptibility to A. brassicicola (a necrotroph) in B. rapa but less susceptibility to Phytophthora nicotianae (a hemibiotroph) in Nicotiana, suggesting a more extensive cell death response could cause opposite effects on the outcomes of biotrophic versus necrotrophic plant-pathogen interactions.Plants have the ability to recognize potential pathogens and resist them by inducing various defense mechanisms. Molecules derived from pathogens are targets for plant recognition and can elicit defense responses even in the absence of the pathogen. These elicitors include nonspecific molecules, such as conserved structural components of the fungal cell wall, the bacterial outer membrane or flagella, and specific molecules produced by particular strains of pathogens such as the avirulence proteins secreted by some fungi (e.g. Avr9 and AvrL567) and type III effectors produced by some bacteria (e.g. AvrB and PopP2; Montesano et al., 2003;Dodds et al., 2004;Lahaye, 2004). Elicitins are small elicitor proteins produced by the pathogenic oomycete genera Phytophthora and Pythium, although not by all species of Pythium. Phytophthora species possess a family of elicitins and elicitin-related proteins divided into three broad classes Tyler, 2002;Baillieul et al., 2003;Qutob et al., 2003), but the term elicitins generally refers to Class I elicitins, which are secreted abundantly in culture and are well conserved among Phytophthora species. Elicitin treatment of responsive plants induces ty...

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TOWARDS THE SELECTION IN VITRO FOR RESISTANCE TO ALTERNARIA BRASSICICOLA (SCHW.) WILTS., IN BRASSICA NAPUS SSP. OLEIFERA (METZG.) SINSK., WINTER OILSEED RAPE

Cited by 35 publications

References 18 publications

Effects of Ophiostoma ulmi and Ophiostoma novo‐ulmi culture filtrates on elm cultures from genotypes with different susceptibility to Dutch elm disease

Effects of Ophiostoma ulmi and Ophiostoma novo‐ulmi culture filtrates on elm cultures from genotypes with different susceptibility to Dutch elm disease

**Glucosinolates and disease resistance in oilseed rape (Brassica napus ssp. oleifera)**

Differences in Cell Death Induction by Phytophthora Elicitins Are Determined by Signal Components Downstream of MAP Kinase Kinase in Different Species of Nicotiana and Cultivars ofBrassica rapaandRaphanus sativus

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