Towards Tramway Safety by Managing Advanced Driver Assistance Systems depending on Grades of Automation

Habib, Lydia; Oukacha, Ouazna; Enjalbert, Simon

doi:10.1016/j.ifacol.2021.06.027

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…• in HAD2RD, while the AD controller in ( 11) is applied to the process, its controlled variable is set as the reference value of the RD controller in (7), i.e. y R D r e f (k) = y AD (k), and its previous manipulated variable is set as…”

Section: Supervisory Controllermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The highest level of automation is the Unattended Train Operation (UTO) or GoA4, where the train is fully autonomous and has to adapt its behaviour based on the encountered driving scenarios and the ETCS supervision limits, even in unexpected situations forcing the ETCS intervention. Therefore, all the tasks are performed by ATO without any on-train staff, which, however, can remotely control the train motion [7]. How ensuring GoA4 autonomous driving is still an open issue in the technical literature [8] which is going to be explored, especially in high-speed and complex external environment.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A GoA4 Control Architecture for the Autonomous Driving of High-Speed Trains Over ETCS: Design and Experimental Validation

Barruffo,

Caiazzo,

Petrillo

et al. 2024

IEEE Trans. Intell. Transport. Syst.

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Section: Supervisory Controllermentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A GoA4 Control Architecture for the Autonomous Driving of High-Speed Trains Over ETCS: Design and Experimental Validation

Barruffo,

Caiazzo,

Petrillo

et al. 2024

IEEE Trans. Intell. Transport. Syst.

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“…Train automation is possible through standardised protocols described in the document on Train Management and Control Systems for Supervised Urban Transport, which defines the following categories of GoA (Grade of Automation) (Habib et al, 2021), i.e., the automation of driving:…”

Section: Inadequate Condition Of the Materials Factormentioning

confidence: 99%

The era of the unmanned vevicles is coming

Krawczyk¹

2021

Przegląd Nauk o Obronności

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ObjectivesThe use of Unmanned Vehicles in air, land and water transport is constantly increasing due to their technical and operational capabilities, along with economic advantages. They are used for recreational and commercial purposes by individuals, companies, organisations and state institutions. Particular types of vehicles are at different stages of technical, legislative and implementation advancement. Unmanned vehicles are at different phases of the process of the launch on the market for common use by the public. Railway transport will be the first to undergo widespread and, consequently, full automation, due to the fact that it is already in use and there is a possibility of its safe implementation, which must progress along with the development of technology, science and experience of producers and users.MethodsScientific methods used in the paper are: analysis and criticism of written sources, analysis and logical construction.ResultsThe article presents issues concerning the possibility of implementing the use of unmanned vehicles in the air, land and water transport system. The state of advancement of the legislative and technical work has been described, along with the difficulties that can be encountered before the complete implementation of unmanned vehicles into operationConclusionsThe process of implementing unmanned vehicles into the transport system has begun and it is irreversible. It is a matter of time before unmanned systems are used to transport people and goods. Their use is safer, more economically beneficial and brings benefits to society.

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“…New digital technologies, ranging from driver assistance systems [10] to autonomous driving, are increasingly being used in trams [11,12]. In 2014, the Society of Automotive Engineers International (SAE) classified six levels of driving automation, from the most basic systems (level 0) to a 100% autonomous driving one (level 6) [13,14]. Habib at all in [13] presents a state-of-the-art model of levels of automation by comparing different transport industries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2014, the Society of Automotive Engineers International (SAE) classified six levels of driving automation, from the most basic systems (level 0) to a 100% autonomous driving one (level 6) [13,14]. Habib at all in [13] presents a state-of-the-art model of levels of automation by comparing different transport industries. Grades/Levels of Automation in automotive, aeronautics, maritime, and railway systems are presented and compared with each other.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embedded System for Learning Smooth and Energy-Efficient Tram Driving Techniques

Konieczka,

Stachowiak,

Feliński

et al. 2023

Energies

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Driving a tram in city traffic is a challenging task. It is especially difficult to drive smoothly (without unnecessary jerks) when the route runs through streets with many other vehicles, pedestrians, and traffic lights. A smooth driving style of the tram driver not only has a significant impact on the comfort of passengers being transported, but also affects the energy consumption of the tram. The paper focuses on the analysis of the tram driver’s way of driving and the resulting energy savings. The energy consumption of the tram was measured depending on the driver’s driving technique. For the analysis of the driving technique, an innovative electronic device was proposed to be installed on the tram. It detects jerks in the lateral and longitudinal directions. Based on vibration analysis, it evaluates the driver’s driving technique on an ongoing basis and displays the result of this assessment. The device is cheap and uses a popular minicomputer, a GPS system receiver, an IMU accelerometer, and a screen. It is independent of the electronic systems of the tram. Due to this, it is possible to increase passenger comfort and reduce electricity consumption. It can be useful when learning to drive a tram. Preliminary tests of this device were carried out on a real tram during rides with passengers in city traffic. Tests have confirmed its effectiveness.

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Towards Tramway Safety by Managing Advanced Driver Assistance Systems depending on Grades of Automation

Cited by 6 publications

References 13 publications

A GoA4 Control Architecture for the Autonomous Driving of High-Speed Trains Over ETCS: Design and Experimental Validation

A GoA4 Control Architecture for the Autonomous Driving of High-Speed Trains Over ETCS: Design and Experimental Validation

The era of the unmanned vevicles is coming

Embedded System for Learning Smooth and Energy-Efficient Tram Driving Techniques

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