Toxic effects of 12 pesticides on green lacewing,Chrysoperla nipponensis(Okamoto) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)

Abstract

In this study, we formulated pesticides from 12 products, namely machine oil EC, imidacloprid WP, thiamethoxam WP, acetamiprid WP, methidathion EC, acequinocyl WP, clothianidin WP, deltamethrin EC, mancozeb WP, benomyl WP, difenoconazole WP, and bitertanol WP. These 12 pesticides were selected to determine their toxicity to green lacewing, Chrysoperla nipponensis, at the maximum field recommended dosage under laboratory conditions. Machine oil EC had extremely detrimental effects on eggs of C. nipponensis, resulting in 99% mortality (categorized as Class IV) when eggs were treated with machine oil EC by dipping. Mean larval corrected mortalities (%) for methidathion EC and deltamethrin EC were 62.5% (categorized as Class II) and 87.5% (categorized as Class III) respectively, when larvae were topically treated. As a result of dipping treatments of pupae with pesticides, machine oil EC and thiamethoxam WP were classified as slightly harmful (categorized as Class II). Methidathion EC showed high toxicity, resulting in a total effect index rate 100% (categorized as Class IV). Taxonomical notes of the genus Chrysoperla and C. nipponensis are reviewed here.

Lethal and Sublethal Effects of Cyantraniliprole on the Biology and Metabolic Enzyme Activities of Two Lepidopteran Pests, Spodoptera littoralis and Agrotis ipsilon, and A Generalist Predator, Chrysoperla carnea (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)

“…Although cyantraniliprole had no significant effects on C. carnea larval mortality (two-fold increase with 0.75 mg/L at 24 h), the recommended dose of the insecticide prolonged larval duration and significantly reduced C. carnea emergence ( Table 4 ). However, a potential effect of several conventional chemical insecticides has been observed on non-target organisms including Chrysoperla zastrowi (Sillemi) [ 78 ], Chrysoperla nipponensis (Steinmann, 1964) [ 79 ], and C. carnea [ 80 ]. Evaluating lifetable parameters can also provide insights into the response of natural enemies to selective insecticides from a population viewpoint [ 81 ].…”

Safety Evaluation of Chemical Insecticides to Tetrastichus howardi (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), a Pupal Parasitoid of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Using Three Exposure Routes

“…Adult exposure to pesticide residues on the host (Routes of exposure 2): For the dipping method [ 25 ], the pupae of armyworm pupated for one day were immersed with three different sublethal concentrations of indoxacarb for 15 s and then taken out to air dry. They were placed into 40 test tubes, each containing a pair of T. howardi that newly emerged (within 24 h) and mated for 24 h (the conditions and operation were the same as above).…”