Toxic effects of acephate on Paramecium caudatum with special emphasis on morphology, behaviour, and generation time

Optimization of Paramecium tetraurelia growth kinetics and its sensitivity to combined effects of azoxystrobin and cyproconazole

“…Several studies have shown that different types of biocides have toxic effects on freshwater ciliates; these effects are perceptible at the population level by reducing the number of cells and to the cellular level by a structural, behavioral and physiological damages (Takiguchi, 2002;Garad et al, 2007;Venkateswara et al, 2006;Sbartai et al, 2009). …”

“…It belongs to the Ciliate phylum (Ciliophora). The use of Paramecium species as a model of survey has been reported by several authors in some disciplines; in ecotoxicology, Paramecium species were used to study environmental qualities and toxic effects of industrial, agricultural and domestic chemicals (Edmiston et al, 1985;Madoni, 2000;Miyoshi et al, 2003;Takahashi et al, 2005;Venkateswara et al, 2006;Rouabhi et al, 2006;Mortuza et al, 2009Mortuza et al, , 2010Amanchi, 2010); in genetic, because its sequencing genome is well known, researchers used P. tetraurelia for genetic analysis, gene expression and mutation (Houten et al, 1977;Brygoo, 1977;Mayer et al, 1998;Haynes et al, 2000;Vayssié et al, 2000). In physiology, paramecia are used in general for studying the role, the function and the cell organization.…”

Testing Toxicity and Antidote Effect of Selenium Nanoparticles with <i>Paramecium caudatum</i>

“…Gradual decrease in the swimming speed, with the increased time of exposure, is due to the effect of the toxicants on the cellular metabolism and morphological changes. Similar changes like reduction in the swimming speeds, altered morphology, and generation times were observed when P. caudatum was exposed to a higher concentration (>350 mg/L) of acephate [7] [44].…”

“…Komala reported the acute toxicity test of P. caudatum is highly sensitive to investigate the direct toxicity of chemical compounds [2]. Basically, Paramecium simplifies the study of physiological processes and effects of water pollutants such as mineral oil, pesticides, metals, and others by monitoring locomotor behavior, morphol-ogy and mortality [3] [4] [5] [6] [7]. A sensitive measure of stress by water contamination [8] is locomotion, depending on the movement of the cilia mostly controlled by the action potential of the cell membrane [9] [10].…”

Ciliates in ecotoxicological studies: A minireview

“…Moreover, microscopy can also be used to evaluate other features such as behavior, morphological deformities, changes in generation time, abundance and cell shape. Rao et al (2006) observed changes in cell shape, developing irregular membrane bubbles promoting cell lysis. In addition, a tracking system with optical microscope was used to observe changes in the locomotion of Paramecium caudatum.…”