Toxic effects of imidacloprid combined with arsenic: Oxidative stress in rat liver

Abstract

Imidacloprid (IMI), a newer neonicotinoid insecticide, induces oxidative insult to hepatocytes due to the formation of reactive metabolites during hepatic metabolism. The present study aimed to determine the potentiating effect of arsenic (As) on IMI-induced hepatic damage in Wistar rats. Rats, randomly divided into eight groups with six in each, were subjected to daily oral administration for 28 days. Group I served as control; group II received IMI at the dose rate of 16.9 mg/kg body weight; groups III, IV, and V received As at the dose rate of 50, 100, and 150 ppb, respectively, in drinking water; groups VI, VII, and VIII received both IMI (16.9 mg/kg) and As in drinking water at the rate of 50, 100, and 150 ppb, respectively. Repeated oral administration of IMI or As resulted in significant ( p < 0.05) elevation of plasma phosphatases, transferases, hepatic malondialdehyde, and advanced oxidation protein product levels, but significantly ( p < 0.05) decreased levels of total proteins, thiols, and activities of antioxidant enzymes that indicate oxidation-induced hepatotoxicity. These findings were further corroborated by histological alterations in hepatic tissue of IMI or As-administered rats. The coadministration of both IMI and As in rats produced more severe alterations in these parameters in hepatic tissue. Reduced antioxidant indices and increased hepatic damage biomarkers with pronounced histopathological alterations in hepatic tissue after combined exposure to toxicants indicate potentiating toxic effect of As on IMI-induced hepatotoxicity.

Alteration in thiols homeostasis, protein and lipid peroxidation in renal tissue following subacute oral exposure of imidacloprid and arsenic in Wistar rats

“…Co-exposure to IMI and arsenic produced more pronounced fall in TTH level (63.8%) in renal tissue as compared to control ( Table 1 ). Similar decline in TTH level have also been reported in different visceral organs in arsenic exposed rats [ [46] , [47] , [48] ].…”

“…The reduction in activities of these antioxidant enzymes might be either due to increased concentration of free radicals or decreased concentration of reduced glutathione a substrate for different antioxidant enzymes like GPx, GST and GR. Such pronounced alterations in different antioxidant parameters in different visceral organs of animals exposed concurrently to insecticides and metals have been reported [ 41 , [46] , [47] , [48] ].…”

“…Similarly exposure of different levels of arsenic in drinking water produced significant rise in levels of MDA (74.7–212.7%) and AOPP (15.0–26.3%). The increased membrane lipid and protein peroxidation have been reported in renal [ 37 , 49 , 50 ], hepatic [ 47 ] and testicular tissue [ 48 ] of rats following exposure of arsenic. Simultaneous exposure of both the toxicants produced more pronounced increase in oxidation of membrane lipids (401.2%) and proteins (40.0%) of renal tissue compared to control as well as exposure of either toxicant ( Table 1 ).…”

Colibri® insecticide induces male reproductive toxicity: alleviating effects of Lannea acida (Anacardiaceae) in rats

“…The supernatant was collected separately and stored at − 20 °C for biochemical analysis. Total proteins were quantified using bovine serum albumin as standard and lipid peroxidation (LPO) was measured in terms of malondialdehyde (MDA) production following the thiobarbituric acid method [21]. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT) activities were measured as per described by Dimo et al [22].…”

Arsenic: A Harmful and Desecrate Compound for the Humans

“…After this project, several studies in different regions of Pakistan reported as contamination of groundwater to a varying extent (below detection limit to 3090 µg/L). Arsenic concentrations in Kamchatka, New Zealand, Japan, Alaska, California, and Wyoming are high in the thermal waters, where black shales are common, but they are low in thermal waters from Hawaii and Iceland [11][12][13][14][15], where most of the rocks are geologically young basalts.…”