Toxic epidermal necrolysis (the scalded skin syndrome): A reappraisal

Lyell, Alan

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1979.tb03571.x

Cited by 224 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 116 publications

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“…Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN; Lyell syndrome) is clinically characterized by extensive mucocutaneous epidermolysis preceded by a macular or maculopapular exanthema and enanthema (Lyell, 1979;Rasmussen et al, 1989). Intra-orally, there is widespread painful blistering and ulceration of all mucosal surfaces.…”

Section: (I) Drug-related Toxic Epidermal Necrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse Drug Reactions in the Orofacial Region

Scully

Bagán

2004

Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine

215

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A wide spectrum of drugs can sometimes give rise to numerous adverse orofacial manifestations, particularly dry mouth, taste disturbances, oral mucosal ulceration, and/or gingival swelling. There are few relevant randomized double-blind controlled studies in this field, and therefore this paper reviews the data from case reports, small series, and non-peer-reviewed reports of adverse drug reactions affecting the orofacial region (available from a MEDLINE search to April, 2003). The more common and significant adverse orofacial consequences of drug therapy are discussed.

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Section: (I) Drug-related Toxic Epidermal Necrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse Drug Reactions in the Orofacial Region

Scully

Bagán

2004

Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine

215

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“…The syndrome was first clearly described by Lyell in 1956 1,2 and is now believed to represent the most severe form of a disease spectrum beginning with Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS). [3][4][5] In SJS, mucous membranes are characteristically denuded. Some children with SJS have macular skin lesions as well, usually involving Ͻ30% of the body surface.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Consequences of Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis in Children

et al. 2002

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ABSTRACT. Objective. Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is an acute inflammatory systemic condition that involves injury not just to the skin. Historically, it has been associated with a high mortality but few long-term consequences among survivors. With improved survival, long-term consequences may be becoming more apparent. The objective of this study was to define these longterm consequences and their frequency.Methods. From July 1, 1991, to June 30, 2000, 11 children with severe TEN were referred to a regional pediatric burn facility. Wounds were managed with a strategy involving prevention of wound desiccation and superinfection, including the frequent use of biological wound coverings. All children survived and have been followed in the burn clinic. The records of all children were reviewed in detail.Results. Two boys and 9 girls with an average age of 7.2 ؎ 1.8 years (range: 6 months-15 years) and sloughed surface area of 76 ؎ 6% of the body surface (range: 50%-95%) were admitted to the burn unit for care. Antibiotics (3 children), anticonvulsants (4 children), nonsteroidals (2 children), and viral syndrome or unknown agents (2 children) were believed to have triggered the syndrome. Six (55%) children required intubation for an average of 9.7 ؎ 1.8 days (range: 2-14 days). Mucosal involvement occurred in 10 (91%) and ocular involvement in 10 (91%). Lengths of stay averaged 19 ؎ 3 days (range: 6 -40 days). Overall follow-up averaged 14 ؎ 13 months. Three children had no apparent long-term consequences of the disease and were referred to primary care follow-up after the 2-month burn clinic visit. The remaining children had follow-up averaging 23 ؎ 13 months. The most common long-term morbidity involved eyes (3 children T oxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is an acute inflammatory systemic condition that involves injury to the skin, mucous membrane, and sometimes bowel and respiratory epithelium. The syndrome was first clearly described by Lyell in 1956 1,2 and is now believed to represent the most severe form of a disease spectrum beginning with Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS). [3][4][5] In SJS, mucous membranes are characteristically denuded. Some children with SJS have macular skin lesions as well, usually involving Ͻ30% of the body surface. In TEN, both skin and mucous membranes are denuded, involvement of Ͼ30% of the body surface is characteristic, 6 and mucosal surface involvement may extend into the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. Patients with TEN can therefore be considered as having both a cutaneous and a visceral wound. The morbidity and mortality of the condition is as related to involvement of visceral surfaces as it is to that of the cutaneous wound.[Although there are no large exclusively pediatric data sets, patients with TEN are generally reported to have a mortality as high as 70% 7 ; death usually results from sepsis or organ failure. During the past several years, these children have been increasingly referred to burn units, as their needs are similar to those of children with extensiv...

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“…TEN ilk olarak 1956 yılında Alan Lyell tarafından tanımlanmıştır ve Lyell Sendromu olarak da isimlendirilmektedir (3,4). TEN, cilt ve mukozal yüzeyleri etkilemekte olup, hızlı gelişen vezikül ve büller ile karakterizedir (5,6).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified