Toxic hepatitis in occupational exposure to solvents

Malaguarnera, Giulia; Cataudella, Emanuela; Giordano, Maria; Nunnari, G.; Chisari, G; Malaguarnera, Mariano

doi:10.3748/wjg.v18.i22.2756

Cited by 138 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…capable of promoting cancer in humans [121,122] . TCE (CAS 06/01/79) has been associated with a high prevalence of liver tumors in exposed workers.…”

Section: -87-5mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatocellular carcinoma and the risk of occupational exposure

Rapisarda

Loreto

Malaguarnera

et al. 2016

WJH

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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer. The main risk factors for HCC are alcoholism, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, obesity, type 2 diabetes, cirrhosis, aflatoxin, hemochromatosis, Wilson's disease and hemophilia. Occupational exposure to chemicals is another risk factor for HCC. Often the relationship between occupational risk and HCC is unclear and the reports are fragmented and inconsistent. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge regarding the association of infective and non-infective occupational risk exposure and HCC in order to encourage further research and draw attention to this global occupational public health problem. Core tip: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common human cancer. This review summarizes current knowledge regarding the occupational risk factors of HCC. In particular, we underline not only the infective but also non-infective occupational risk exposure, including chemical agents and toxic metabolites which are a major cause of liver damage.

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“…capable of promoting cancer in humans [121,122] . TCE (CAS 06/01/79) has been associated with a high prevalence of liver tumors in exposed workers.…”

Section: -87-5mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatocellular carcinoma and the risk of occupational exposure

Rapisarda

Loreto

Malaguarnera

et al. 2016

WJH

Self Cite

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“…Toxic hepatitis after exposure to chemicals can be divided into three types: hepatocellular, cholestatic, and mixed type 15) . Laboratory test results in this patient showed elevated AST, ALT, and LDH levels and a decreased prothrombin value, whereas the serum alkaline phosphatase and γ -GTP levels were within the reference ranges.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Severe acute hepatitis in a printing company worker: A case study

Kubo

Matsuzaki

Seki

et al. 2015

Journal of Occupational Health

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Severe acute hepatitis in a printing company worker: A case study: Shoji KUBO, et al. Department of Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine— Objectives It has been reported that chlorinated organic solvent is a cause of hepatitis. Methods we investigate clinical and pathological findings of a patient with severe acute hepatitis who was exposed to chlorinated organic solvents. Results A 34‐year‐old man who was exposed to chlorinated organic solvents including dichloromethane, 1,2‐dichloropropane, and trichloroethylene, presented with general fatigue, vomiting, and diarrhea. At admission, his laboratory test results showed extremely elevated aspartate aminotransferase (4,872 IU/l), alanine aminotransferase (3,000 IU/l), and lactate dehydrogenase (11,600 IU/l) levels and a prothrombin level below normal (41%). No encephalopathy was noted. These findings were indicative of severe acute hepatitis. Viral hepatitis, autoimmune hepatitis, alcoholic disease, bile duct disease, and viral infection were excluded as causes of hepatitis by clinical, laboratory, and imaging findings. After diagnosis, the patient was administered fresh frozen plasma and glucagon‐insulin therapy. Liver function recovered within a few weeks, and a liver biopsy performed 25 days after admission showed the recovery phase after acute liver damage. Conclusions These clinical and pathological findings indicate that exposure to chlorinated organic solvents may have induced severe acute hepatitis in this patient.

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“…The CCl 4 also impairs the excretion of bile from pancreas and consequently increases serum ALP and TB level and altered the cholesterol metabolism and TGs transportation causing increased TG and cholesterol levels leading to fatty liver. [45][46][47] CCl 4 increased the level of Ca 2+ in cells, which activated many catabolic enzymes, which destroyed the cytoskeletal construction and cell death through apoptosis or necrosis. [48] In case of both, direct prophylactic and curative study, treatments with EAE (400 mg/kg body weight) significantly preserved the levels of SGOT, SGPT, ALP, TB, TG and cholesterol depicting a marked protective effect in a dose-dependent manner comparable to silymarin treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modi¹

2017

IJGP

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Introduction: This work was done to determine phytochemical content, antioxidant activity, and hepatoprotective effects of Zizyphus xylopyrus leaves extracts against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in in vitro and in vivo models. Materials and Methods: The total flavonoids content (TFC), total phenolic content (TPC), and total tannin content (TTC) were determined using quercetin and tannic acid equivalents, as standard while antioxidant activities of extracts were determined using the standard in vitro methods. All the extracts subjected to in-vitro HepG2 cell line study as well as to evaluate in vivo hepatoprotective effects against carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ) intoxicated rats. Results: Among all extracts, ethyl acetate extract (EAE) possess potent antioxidant activity, viz., ferric reducing ability of plasma (abs = 0.379 ± 0.07), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (inhibitory concentration 50% [IC 50 ]: 103.50 ± 2.05 µg/mL), OH• (89.33 ± 1.79 µg/mL), NO • (IC 50 129.34 ± 1.29 µg/mL), O 2ˉ (IC 50 62.03 ± 2.78 µg/mL), and inhibition of lipid peroxidation (110.05 ± 2.96 µg/mL). Treatment with EAE significantly increased the cell viability (IC 50 80.93 ± 1.02 µg/mL) by preventing CCl 4 induced cell damage in in-vitro HepG2 cell line. In case of both prophylactic and curative study, EAE extract significantly (P < 0.001) decreased CCl 4 -induced increased serum liver enzymes activities in CCl 4 -intoxicated rats, comparable to silymarin. Hepatoprotective potential further supported by pentobarbitone induced sleeping time and improved hepatic tissue histopathology. Study results suggest that antioxidant activity and hepatoprotective effect of EAE might be due to presence of polyphehols, viz., TFC (43.76 ± 0.78 Quercetin equivalent [QE] mg/g extract), TPC (194.16 ± 0.74 gallic acid equivalent [GAE] mg/g extract), and TTC (20.45 ± 2.31 GAE mg/g extract). Reversed-phase highperformance liquid chromatography analysis results showed highest quercetin content (32.8 ± 0.24 mg/g) in EAE. Conclusion: This study advocated that due to the presence of flavonoids, Z. xylopyrus leaves exhibited marked antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities.

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Toxic hepatitis in occupational exposure to solvents

Cited by 138 publications

References 42 publications

Hepatocellular carcinoma and the risk of occupational exposure

Hepatocellular carcinoma and the risk of occupational exposure

Severe acute hepatitis in a printing company worker: A case study

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