Toxic Metals in Paper and Paperboard Food Packagings

Elmas, Gülnur Mertoğlu; Çınar, Gamze

doi:10.15376/biores.13.4.7560-7580

Cited by 16 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…The fibre in newsprint is composed of 45.6% cellulose, 31.3% hemicellulose, and 23.1% lignin [36]. In paper production, to improve surface characteristics of paper, the following chemical compounds are used as precipitators and stabilizers: aluminium sulphate, aluminium chloride hydroxide, aluminium formiate, aluminium nitrate, and sodium aluminium components [37].…”

Section: Basic Information About the Burning Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By concentration, major elements form the series Ca > Si > Al > Fe = K = S > Ti, while the order of trace elements is Mn >> Zn > Cu > Pb > Ni = Cr. Explanations: * Wang et al [41]; ** Mertoglu-Elmas [42]; *** Elmas and Çınar [37]; WOP-Waste office paper.…”

Section: Basic Information About the Burning Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During repeated recycling of waste paper, there is a further increase in the concentration of Mn, but also of other elements Zn, Ni, Cu (Otto et al, 2021), which probably explains the higher levels than Elmas and Çınar [37] reported for the cardboard used in the food industry, where the content of selected trace elements is capped by the "Packaging Waste Directive 2018/852/EU" [45].…”

Section: Basic Information About the Burning Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Influence of the Fuel Type on Element Behaviour in Domestic Boilers with Respect to the Circular Economy

et al. 2021

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The use of waste from the regional production of waste wood, waste paper, and cardboard in the form of briquettes may be causing an increase in local emissions, both of major elements and trace elements. When burning paper and cardboard briquettes, more than 70% of Mn, Zn, As, and Pb is released into the air from the total content of trace elements in the fuel. The largest amounts of major and trace elements are released when burning paper briquettes (56 g/kg of fuel); half of these amounts are released from burning briquettes from waste wood and coal (23 g/kg of fuel). The pursuit of alternative uses for those cardboard components that are not suitable for recycling cannot be directed to the production of briquettes for residential combustion in the framework of the application of the principles of the circular economy. In particular, the high concentrations of undesirable elements in the emissions released in the gas phase into the atmosphere are an obstacle existing even when the parameters of the PM10 emissions of a boiler are met. This is related to the high ash content of the cardboard (13.5%). Waste paper or cardboard could be added to waste wood at a maximum of 10% to make the pollution produced comparable to the burning of coal briquettes.

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Section: Basic Information About the Burning Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Basic Information About the Burning Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Basic Information About the Burning Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Influence of the Fuel Type on Element Behaviour in Domestic Boilers with Respect to the Circular Economy

et al. 2021

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“…In accordance with the need to prevent the toxic effect of packaging materials on food, the content of toxic metal elements in paper and cardboard food packaging was monitored [ 51 , 52 ]. Using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, the authors identified the presence of Pb, Cd, Zn, Ni, Cu, Cr, Al, and Hg in the investigated paper and cardboard.…”

Section: Oxidation Of Cellulose and Paper In An Alkaline Environmementioning

confidence: 99%

Stability of Alum-Containing Paper under Alkaline Conditions

Jablonský

Šíma

2020

Molecules

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The present contribution evaluates the methods of degradation and stabilization of alum-containing paper with a focus on the alkaline environment achieved by deacidification procedures. In terms of reviewed subjects, the contribution focuses on alum-rosin sized paper, which is still used as a carrier of knowledge and information; however, it also mentions cellulose itself and other brands of paper. The contribution summarizes the results on the homogeneity of the distribution of alum and rosin in the paper mass and on the paper surface. It provides the knowledge gained in the field of alkaline hydrolysis and oxidation with special regard to transition metal species. It shows the values of alkaline reserves achieved in the main mass-deacidification processes. On the basis of the acquired knowledge, the contribution emphasizes the procedures of paper stabilization. Criteria of “increased mechanical permanence and lifetime prolongation” adopted to evaluate and compare the efficacy of individual mass-deacidification processes were applied and corresponding data are introduced. The contribution also draws attention to the existence of open issues in the area of paper degradation and stabilization.

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“…9,10 The accuracy of the 750 nm absorption method, however, may be affected by two error sources: the foreign metallic ions and the matrices of Benedict's solution. Foreign metallic cations from the cellulose manufacture processes 11,12 may dissolve in Benedict's solution. These metallic cations can react with EDTA to form complexes, which may absorb 750 nm radiation and significantly change the absorbance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aldehyde Content of Cellulose Determined by Benedict’s Solution and Visible Absorption of Copper(ii)-Edta Complex

Yu¹,

JHOU²,

CHENG³

et al. 2019

Cellulose Chem. Technol.

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Benedict's solution was employed to determine the aldehyde content of a cellulose paper. Benedict's solution, containing Cu(II), citrate and carbonate, is capable of selectively oxidizing the aldehyde groups of cellulose and producing cuprous oxide. The selective oxidation was conducted at room temperature for an extended period of time. The aldehyde content was derived from the change of the Cu(II) concentration. The Cu(II) concentration was determined by measuring the 750 nm radiation absorption of the complex of Cu(II)-ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA). The interferences from citrate, carbonate and foreign metallic cations on the 750 nm absorption measurement were also examined. The results showed that the interferences of citrate and carbonate can be removed via the dilution of Benedict's solution. Also, the absorption due to the Cu(II)-EDTA complex was observed to be far superior to those of the EDTA complexes of the foreign metallic cations. The foreign metallic cations had a limited interference on the 750 nm absorption measurement. Benedict's solution, together with the 750 nm absorption method, is hence a reliable approach for determining the aldehyde content of cellulose.

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Toxic Metals in Paper and Paperboard Food Packagings

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

An Influence of the Fuel Type on Element Behaviour in Domestic Boilers with Respect to the Circular Economy

An Influence of the Fuel Type on Element Behaviour in Domestic Boilers with Respect to the Circular Economy

Stability of Alum-Containing Paper under Alkaline Conditions

Aldehyde Content of Cellulose Determined by Benedict’s Solution and Visible Absorption of Copper(ii)-Edta Complex

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