Toxic Neuropathies

Abstract

Toxic neuropathies are a rare, but important cause of acquired polyneuropathy. In this review article, the authors discuss the general principles of toxic neuropathies and provide a systematic review of neuropathies related to drugs, heavy metals, environmental and industrial agents, and alcoholic neuropathies.

Myocardial ischaemia reperfusion injury and cardioprotection in the presence of sensory neuropathy: Therapeutic options

“…However, they cause development of complex multi-organ injuries including the heart. Therefore, their discussion would exceed the scope of the present review and are discussed in detail elsewhere(Karam & Dyck, 2015).…”

“…Bortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor used for the treatment of multiple myeloma and thalidomide, an immunomodulatory drug against Mycobacterium subspecies, are also able to evoke severe sensory neuropathy characterized by painful paraesthesia due to the peripheral loss of large myelinated fibres (Karam & Dyck, 2015). In contrast to anthracyclins or taxanes, only the occasional but not severe or significant cardiotoxicity has been shown to be caused by either bortezomib or thalidomide (Reneau et al, 2017).…”

“…There are a couple of antibiotics (nitrofurantoin, linezolid, ethambutol and chloramphenicol) which develop neuropathy during chronic application. However, most of them induce only a slight sensory rather than other types of neuropathies (see for review Karam & Dyck, 2015). The one exception is the group of antiretroviral agents (nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors e.g.…”

“…Beyond medical treatments, it is worth mentioning that agriculturally or industrially used compounds, such as organophosphates and vacor (pyrinuron), as well as dimethylaminopropionitrile (Staff & Windebank, 2014), may lead to the development of severe sensory neuropathy (see for review Karam & Dyck, 2015). However, their cardiac effects due to sensory neuropathy are hard to distinguish from their severe systemic actions, for example increased vagal tone due to cholinesterase inhibition (organophosphates) or hyperglycaemic ketoacidosis in case of vacor.…”

Toxic neuropathy comment on organophosphate poisoning

“…TN is less frequent than metabolic, infl ammatory, and hereditary conditions, reported in 2% to 4% of cases as a cause of neuropathy. 2,3 In contrast, TN has preventable causes, and when identifi ed early, it can be reversed or disease progression can be impeded, avoiding unnecessary expenses and invasive investigations. TN caused by OP allows us to refl ect on three important issues in medical practice: autotoxicity, late neuropathy, and subclinical fi ndings.…”