Toxic shock syndrome associated with menstrual cup use

Soufi, Hind El; Soufi, Yahya El; Al-Nuaimi, Sarah; Bagheri, Farshad

doi:10.1016/j.idcr.2021.e01171

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In this study, all patients were using tampons during their period [18]. However, vaginal cups and intrauterine devices have also been reported in staphylococcal m-TSS [27][28][29][30].…”

Section: Staphylococcal Menstrual Tssmentioning

confidence: 82%

Toxic Shock Syndrome: A Literature Review

Atchade,

De Tymowski,

Grall

et al. 2024

Antibiotics

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Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is a rare, life-threatening, toxin-mediated infectious process linked, in the vast majority of cases, to toxin-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes. The pathophysiology, epidemiology, clinical presentation, microbiological features, management and outcome of TSS are described in this review. Bacterial superantigenic exotoxins induces unconventional polyclonal lymphocyte activation, which leads to rapid shock, multiple organ failure syndrome, and death. The main described superantigenic exotoxins are toxic shock syndrome toxin—1 (TSST-1) and enterotoxins for Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins (SpE) A, B, and C and streptococcal superantigen A (SsA) for Streptococcus pyogenes. Staphylococcal TSS can be menstrual or nonmenstrual. Streptococcal TSS is linked to a severe group A streptococcal infection and, most frequently, to a necrotizing soft tissue infection. Management of TSS is a medical emergency and relies on early detection, immediate resuscitation, source control and eradication of toxin production, bactericidal antibiotic treatment, and protein synthesis inhibiting antibiotic administration. The interest of polyclonal intravenous immunoglobulin G administration as an adjunctive treatment for TSS requires further evaluation. Scientific literature on TSS mainly consists of observational studies, clinical cases, and in vitro data; although more data on TSS are required, additional studies will be difficult to conduct due to the low incidence of the disease.

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“…In this study, all patients were using tampons during their period [18]. However, vaginal cups and intrauterine devices have also been reported in staphylococcal m-TSS [27][28][29][30].…”

Section: Staphylococcal Menstrual Tssmentioning

confidence: 82%

Toxic Shock Syndrome: A Literature Review

Atchade,

De Tymowski,

Grall

et al. 2024

Antibiotics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This is a clearly identified risk factor in the microbiologicalepidemiological literature. The remaining patient used a menstrual cup, which has also been reported in the literature in association with menstrual TSS [15,16].…”

Section: /4mentioning

confidence: 84%

Cases of Menstrual Toxic Shock Syndrome in the Czech Republic in 1997–2022

Petráš,

Šimková,

Kekláková

et al. 2023

Med J Obstet Gynecol

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Staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is a serious condition that can be life threatening. There are two forms of this disease: menstrual and non-menstrual. In the 25 years from 1997 to 2022, 105 cases of TSS related to menstruation were registered at the National Reference Laboratory for Staphylococci of the National Institute of Public Health (NIPH) in Prague. All the patients recovered, but one third of the them had a severe course of the illness including intensive care unit admission reported in their discharge summaries. All the patients except for one had a history of vaginal tampon use, in the remaining one it was a menstrual cup.

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“…Pelvic floor dysfunction. The PFDI-20 includes 20 questions divided into three symptom scales: genital prolapse symptoms (POP; questions 1-6); colorectal-anal symptoms (CRADI; questions 7-14); and urinary symptoms (UDI; questions [15][16][17][18][19][20]. Each of the questions can be answered on four levels of dysfunction: none, a little, moderately or a lot.…”

Section: Primary Outcomementioning

confidence: 99%

“…15 Although there are numerous benefits to using the menstrual cup, certain situations can carry potential risks: vaginal injuries, allergic reactions, skin rashes, urinary tract and toxic shock syndrome. 16,17 Moreover, it appears that there is an association between the use of menstrual cups and an increased risk of intrauterine device (IUD) expulsion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of pain presence on pelvic floor and sexual dysfunctions, and pain intensity-related variables in women using the menstrual cup: A cross-sectional survey

Fuentes-Aparicio,

Cuenca-Martínez,

Cortés-Amador

et al. 2024

Journal of Endometriosis and Pelvic Pain Disorders

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Objective: The aim was to assess the influence of pain during menstrual cup use on pelvic floor and sexual dysfunctions. In addition, we wanted to assess its impact on variables related to pain intensity during menstrual cup use such as insertion, removal, during menstruation, during sexual intercourse or the presence of pelvic pain. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional survey. The study included 566 women who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Women were categorised into two primary groups: women with no pain and women with pain. Results: Regarding pelvic floor dysfunction, the independent samples t-test showed significant between-group differences ( t(564) = −3.50, mean differences (MD) = −8.86 (−13.8 to −3.89), p < 0.001). With respect to sexual dysfunction, no significant between-group differences were found with the exception of the pain subscale ( t(564) = 2.59, MD = 0.27 (0.48–0.06), p = 0.01. Regarding pain-related variables, we found statistically significant between-groups differences on all analysed variables. Conclusions: In conclusion, the results showed that women who use the menstrual cup and have pain showed worse scores on the pelvic floor dysfunction questionnaire, where it also seems that greater pain intensity was associated with worse questionnaire scores. However, we found no significant differences in sexual dysfunction except for the pain subscale between women who did and did not report pain in menstrual cup use. Finally, women who reported pain from menstrual cup use showed significantly greater pain intensity when inserting and removing the menstrual cup, during menstruation, during sexual intercourse and showed higher levels of pelvic pain although these differences are clinically slight.

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Toxic shock syndrome associated with menstrual cup use

Cited by 6 publications

References 17 publications

Toxic Shock Syndrome: A Literature Review

Toxic Shock Syndrome: A Literature Review

Cases of Menstrual Toxic Shock Syndrome in the Czech Republic in 1997–2022

The influence of pain presence on pelvic floor and sexual dysfunctions, and pain intensity-related variables in women using the menstrual cup: A cross-sectional survey

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