Toxicity and Persistence of Some Organophosphorus Insecticides and Permethrin on Apple Fruits for the Control of Codling Moth,<i>Laspeyresia Pomonella (L.)</i>

Hameed, S. F.; Allen, J. G.

doi:10.1080/00221589.1976.11514670

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…i.) per ha, and resulting residue (Madsen and \Villiams, 1968;McMechan et al, 1972;Hameed and Allen, 1976;Pree et aL, 1976;Chiba et aL, 1978;Menzies et aL, 1979;Hagley and Chiba, 1980;McEwen et al, 1980). The slope of this regression, and thus the conversion factor from kg'ha-1 a.i.…”

Section: Application Rate -Residue Relationshipmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Data sources and parameter estimates for this model are given in Appendix B. Most experimental studies of pesticide effects on codling moth have dealt with first-instar larvae (Barnes, 19.58;Hameed and Allen, 1976;Fisher and Menzies, 1979). While there is evidence that pesticides can cause mortality of larvae for a few days after they enter apples (Hough, 1962;Gratwick and Tew, 1966), the larva in the apple is considered to be relatively protected from pesticide mortality (Rock, 1976).…”

Section: Pesticide Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When such data were found, the decay rate was estimated as the slope of a linear regression through the origin of log (fraction of original residue) versus time. Sources of data, by insecticide, were: azinphosmethyl: Madsen and Williams (1968), Pree et aL (1976); carbaryl: Gratwick and Tew (1966); dimecron: Gratwick and Tew (1966); dimethoate: Pree et al (1976); endosulfan: Chiba et aL (1978); malathion: Gratwick and Tew (1966);parathion: McEwen et aL (1980); phosalone: Hameed andAllen (1976), McEwen et aL (1980); prolate: Univ. Rhode Island (1968).…”

Section: Degradat£on Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Values for LR 50 were obtained from the literature, and the value of b were obtained from the literature or computed from published LR 50 and LR 90 (lethal residue for 90% of population) values. Data sources, by insecticide, were: azinphosmethyl: Hameed and Allen (1976); carbaryl: ; demeton: guessed to be same as dimethoate; dimecron: Gratwick and Tew (1966); dimethoate: Gratwick and Tew (1966); endosulfan: Gratwick (1964); malathion: Gratwick and Tew (1966); methomyl: guessed to be similar to azinphosmethyl; parathion: , Gratwick and Tew (1966); phosalone: Hameed and Allen (1976); prolate: guessed to be intermediate between azinphosmethyl and malathion. Values of LR 50 and b used in the computation of larval survivorship are given in Table B1.…”

Section: R Esidue-mortality Relationsh£pmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A simulation model of population dynamics of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella

Shaffer

Gold

1985

Ecological Modelling

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A simulation model has been developed that predicts numbers and phenology of a population of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), in an apple orchard. The model is a general insect population model based on the iterative-cohort technique. It operates at two time scales: a fine time scale (one hour) for temperature-dependent physiological processes, and a coarse time scale (one day) for population processes. The population is divided into a specifiable number of stages, and each stage is described by four process functions, which may be of any convenient mathematical form, and may differ among stages. Each stage is divided into cohorts of individuals born or emerged on the same day, and individuals within a cohort are considered probabilistically identical. The model simulates the processes of development, transition among stages, and mortality by using probability distributions representing these processes, and incorporates the effects of pesticides on mortality of the insect. Model output was evaluated by comparison with records of pheromone trap catches of codling moths in commercial apple orchards in North Carolina. The model predicts timing of the first spring flight well, depending on the initial age distribution used. Time between peaks of numbers of adults in the model is about 15 days longer than the observed period between flight peaks in orchards. Sensitivity analysis indicates that this discrepancy may be related to differences between measured ambient temperature and tree canopy temperature. The sensitivities of numbers of insects produced by the model and timing of peaks in numbers present were determined for each of the parameters in the model. The parameters with greatest effect on the model output were those which control the locations of developmental rate functions and survival functions on the temperature scale. In the model, pesticides had a much larger effect on numbers of adults present than records of moths caught in pheromone traps indicate actually occurred, suggesting that moths caught in traps in commercial orchards where effective pesticides are applied may be largely immigrants.

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Section: Application Rate -Residue Relationshipmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pesticide Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Degradat£on Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: R Esidue-mortality Relationsh£pmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A simulation model of population dynamics of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella

Shaffer

Gold

1985

Ecological Modelling

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“…Phosmet and azinphosmethyl have been effectively used for control of the codling moth, Cydia pornonella (L.) (Gratwick 1964;Madsen and Williams 1968;Rammer and Kurtz 1969;Batiste et al 1970;Giralda and Calderon 1972;Hameed and Allen 1976); the apple maggot, Rhagoletis pornonella Walsh (Rivard 1977); and the plum curculio, Conotrachelus nenuphar Herbst (Forsythe and Rings 1965;Forsythe and Hall 1972;Paradis 1976), on several fruit crops including apples.…”

Section: Resumementioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Phosmet and Azinphosmethyl for Control of Major Insect Pests of Apple in Ontario

Hagley

Chiba

1980

Can Entomol

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Phosmet (Imidan 50% WP) applied at 1.22 kg a.i./ha controlled the codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), apple maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella Walsh, and plum curculio, Conotrachelus nenuphar Herbst, in Ontario apple orchards for more than 3 weeks. Although rain removed phosmet deposits and climatic conditions varied widely during 1971–76, results consistently showed that good pest control was obtained. Satisfactory results were also obtained with azinphosmethyl (Guthion 50% WP) applied at 0.45 kg a.i./ha. Toxicological studies showed that phosmet deposits on the lower surface of apple leaves produced 38–100% mortality of first instar codling moth larvae 15 days after application depending on the time the pesticide was applied. Fifty per cent and 95% lethal residues were 0.18–0.68 μg/cm2 and 0.50–1.36 μg/cm2 of leaf surface, respectively. The toxicity of the residues declined considerably 22 days after application.A phosmet deposit of 0.5 μg/cm2 15–22 days after spray application is suggested as the minimum level required to obtain an economically acceptable level of control in the field.

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Column selectivity in high-performance liquid chromatography of substituted gem-dimethylcyclopropanes

Abidi

1986

Journal of Chromatography A

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Toxicity and Persistence of Some Organophosphorus Insecticides and Permethrin on Apple Fruits for the Control of Codling Moth,Laspeyresia Pomonella (L.)

Cited by 11 publications

References 3 publications

A simulation model of population dynamics of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella

A simulation model of population dynamics of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella

Efficacy of Phosmet and Azinphosmethyl for Control of Major Insect Pests of Apple in Ontario

Column selectivity in high-performance liquid chromatography of substituted gem-dimethylcyclopropanes

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