Toxicity Assessment of Volatile Organic Compounds in Poplar Trees

Ferro, Ari M.; Kennedy, Jean; Kjelgren, Roger; Rieder, Julie P.; Perrin, Scott R.

doi:10.1080/15226519908500002

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Coker and Couch. Similarly, Ferro, Kennedy, Kjelgren, Rieder, and Perrin (1999) reported a lack of phytotoxic effects on tree growth and water use of clone 'DN34' established as 1.2-m long whips and grown in barrels in a range of VOC mixtures for up to 88 days. Overall, however, there have been limited reports of steady removal of these pollutants at long-term phytoremediation installations.…”

Section: D: Midwestmentioning

confidence: 95%

Ecosystem services of poplar at long‐term phytoremediation sites in the Midwest and Southeast, United States

Zalesny

Headlee

Gopalakrishnan

et al. 2019

WIREs Energy & Environment

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Short rotation woody crops (SRWCs) including Populus species and their hybrids (i.e., poplars) are ideal for incorporating biomass production with phytotechnologies such as phytoremediation. To integrate these applications, 15 poplar plantings from nine long-term phytoremediation installations were sampled from 2012 to 2013 in the Midwest (Illinois, Iowa, Wisconsin) and Southeast (Alabama, Florida, North Carolina) United States. In this review, we report summary results of this sampling and how performance at each site compared with comparable phytoremediation systems in the literature. We review significant genotypic differences from each planting within the context of provisioning (i.e., biomass production) and regulating (i.e., carbon sequestration) ecosystem services and how they relate to the need for a cleaner environment during times of accelerated ecological degradation. Overall, the contaminated poplar sites provided these ecosystem services comparable to noncontaminated poplar sites used for bioenergy and biofuels feedstock production. For example, phytoremediation trees at the Midwestern sites had biomass values ranging from 4.4 to 15.5 Mg ha −1 y −1 , which was~20% less relative to bioenergy trees (p = .0938). Results were similar for diameter and carbon, with some genotype × environment interactions resulting in phytoremediation trees exhibiting substantially greater growth and productivity (i.e., +131% at one site). As illustrated in the current review, phytoremediation success can be increased with the identification and deployment of genotypes tailored to grow well and tolerate a broad diversity of contaminants (generalists) (i.e., 'DN34', 'NM6', '7300501') versus those that significantly outperform their counterparts under unique site conditions (specialists) (i.e., '220-5', '51-5', 'S13C20').

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Section: D: Midwestmentioning

confidence: 95%

Ecosystem services of poplar at long‐term phytoremediation sites in the Midwest and Southeast, United States

Zalesny

Headlee

Gopalakrishnan

et al. 2019

WIREs Energy & Environment

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“…Soils spiked with fresh gasoline (1,000 mg/kg) were lethal to all tree species and were more toxic than weathered gasoline or diesel fuel. Ferro et al () did not observe any toxic response of poplar trees irrigated with water containing 169 mg/L BTEX and other hydrocarbon volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Likewise, poplars showed no phytotoxicity to groundwater with BTEX concentrations at 1 mg/L (Barac et al., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytoremediation of a Petroleum‐Hydrocarbon Contaminated Shallow Aquifer in Elizabeth City, North Carolina, USA

Nichols

Cook²,

Landmeyer

et al. 2014

Remediation Journal

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A former bulk fuel terminal in North Carolina is a groundwater phytoremediation demonstrationsite where 3,250 hybrid poplars, willows, and pine trees were planted from 2006 to 2008 over approximately 579,000 L of residual gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel. Since 2011, the groundwater altitude is lower in the area with trees than outside the planted area. Soil-gas analyses showed a 95 percent mass loss for total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) and a 99 percent mass loss for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX). BTEX and methyl tert-butyl ether concentrations have decreased in groundwater. Interpolations of free-phase, fuel product gauging data show reduced thicknesses across the site and pooling of fuel product where poplar biomass is greatest. Isolated clusters of tree mortalities have persisted in areas with high TPH and BTEX mass. Toxicity assays showed impaired water use for willows and poplars exposed to the site's fuel product, but Populus survival was higher than the willows or pines on-site, even in a noncontaminated control area. All four Populus clones survived well at the site. c⃝ 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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“…Aromatic volatile petroleum hydrocarbons such as benzene have been used as herbicides in the past years, illustrating their phytotoxicity when applied to plant leaves (Baker, 1970). In contrast, no phytotoxic effects were observed in hybrid poplar trees exposed to a simulated groundwater containing a mixture of VOCs including BTEX, chlorinated aliphatics, and alcohols at a total concentration of 169 mg/L (Ferro et al, 1999). Reduction of the volatile fraction may be accomplished through management, such as tillage of the soil.…”

Section: Plant Selection Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Perspectives in Bioremediation of Crude Oil Contaminated Environments

Ezeonu¹,

Onwurah²,

Oje³

2012

Introduction to Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) Processes and Bioremediation of Oil-Contaminated Sites

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Toxicity Assessment of Volatile Organic Compounds in Poplar Trees

Cited by 11 publications

References 3 publications

Ecosystem services of poplar at long‐term phytoremediation sites in the Midwest and Southeast, United States

Ecosystem services of poplar at long‐term phytoremediation sites in the Midwest and Southeast, United States

Phytoremediation of a Petroleum‐Hydrocarbon Contaminated Shallow Aquifer in Elizabeth City, North Carolina, USA

Comprehensive Perspectives in Bioremediation of Crude Oil Contaminated Environments

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