Toxicity bioassay and sub-lethal effects of diazinon on blood profile and histology of liver, gills and kidney of catfish, Clarias gariepinus

Abstract

The catfish, Clarias gariepinus, was exposed to different acute concentrations (5-10 mg/l) of diazinon and the Lc50 value was recorded as high as 7.3 mg/l for 96 hours. The fishes exposed to three sub-lethal levels of diazinon (0.73, 1.095 and 1.46 mg/l) for 30 days showed that the pesticide induces changes in different blood parameters. Number of red blood cells (RBC), haemoglobin level and haematocrit values were elevated whereas white blood cells (WBC) count was reduced. Various blood indices like mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobine (MCH) and mean corpuscular haemoglobine concentration (MCHC) vary insignificantly in the fish treated with diazinon. Glucose level and activity level of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was increased in Clarias gariepinus exposed to diazinon. Protein level in plasma of fish treated with pesticide was changed but the change was insignificant. Histological changes in the liver, gills and kidney of fishes exposed to diazinon were apparent when compared to control. Hepatocytes necrosis and bleeding were more distinct in the fishes exposed to pesticide. Glomerulus hypertrophy and bleeding in kidneys; and fusion and degeneration of secondary lamellae and epithelial hyperplasia in gills were also observed in the exposed fish.

Effect of Sublethal Dose of Dichlorvos on the Biochemical Parameters of African Catfish

“…This may have adverse effects on aquatic lives. One of such pollutants is pesticides which cause great harm to the animals present in the aquatic environment including fishes [1]. A large amount of these pesticides reach aquatic ecosystem through various routes such as direct application, spray-drift, run-off, leaching, discharge from factories and sewage, and all these have negative health impacts on different non-target aquatic organisms [2,3].…”

Biochemical, Endocrine and Genetic Impairments in Response to Agrochemicals Intoxication in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio)

“…Along with beneficial effects these agrochemicals have some disadvantages such as odor and change in taste of water and lethality of non-target organisms in aquatic environment (Sathyamoorthi et al 2019). Pesticides enter in aquatic environment through runoff from place of application and pose a serious threat to aquatic life (Al-Otaibi et al 2019). Aquatic organisms face significant problems similar to terrestrial species analysis of fish and water samples from different aquatic environments shows 90% to have one or more than one toxicant (Hussain et al 2020).…”

Chronic Exposure to No-Effect Concentration of Diazinon Induced Histological Lesions in Organs of <i>Clarias</i> <i>gariepinus</i>

“…[13]; immunotoxicity and hepatic function evaluation in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus [14]; on acute toxicity of African catfish [15]; on the clinical and biochemical alterations associated with toxicity in Clarias gariepinus. [16]; on total protein and transaminase activities in Clarias gariepinus [17]; sublethal concentrations on total protein in tilapia fish (Oreochromis Niloticus) [18]; toxicological effect on African catfish (Clarias anguillaris) [19]; induced clastogenity and pathological changes in ovaries and testes of Clarias gariepinus [20] and on blood profile, histology of liver, gills and kidney of catfish, Clarias gariepinus [21].…”