Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure and Iron Treatment of Brass Foundry Waste

Kendall, Douglas S.

doi:10.1021/es020621n

Cited by 34 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 18 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…While not conclusive, the TCLP results suggest that all of the WFSs could potentially leach elevated quantities of one or more of the metals if beneficially used in an unconsolidated manner (e.g., land application, road subbase). However, the TCLP test was designed to assess leaching from mixed industrial and municipal wastes in the presence of organic acids (Kendell 2003). Because the TCLP simulates conditions within an environment (i.e., landfill) that is different from beneficial use scenarios, the values presented in Table 5 are higher than would have been obtained using a non-buffered extractant such as distilled water (Baba and Kaya 2004).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metals in Waste Foundry Sands and an Evaluation of Their Leaching and Transport to Groundwater

Alves

Dungan

Carnin³

et al. 2014

Water Air Soil Pollut

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

While most waste foundry sands (WFSs) are not hazardous, regulatory agencies are often reluctant to permit their beneficial use in agricultural and geotechnical applications due to concerns over metal leaching. The objective of this study was to quantify total and Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) metals in 16 waste sands from Brazilian ferrous foundries then assess their potential to leach to groundwater using a probabilistic model. Total and TCLP metal concentrations in the non-hazardous sands fell within ranges as reported in the literature, although some of the leachate concentrations were found to exceed drinking water and groundwater maximum contaminant levels (MCLs). Leachate values above the MCLs were then used in the model to estimate groundwater concentrations at hypothetical wells up to 400m downgradient from a land application unit. A conservative scenario of 1 ha of land applied WFS, and high annual rainfall totals (low evaporation) suggested that groundwater concentrations of Ba, Hg, Mn, Ni, and Pb could potentially exceed health-based MCLs at most wells. While a wet climate can exacerbate the transport of metals, land application of WFSs in areas with moderate rainfall totals or high rainfall, high evaporation was predicted to be protective of groundwater quality and human health.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metals in Waste Foundry Sands and an Evaluation of Their Leaching and Transport to Groundwater

Alves

Dungan

Carnin³

et al. 2014

Water Air Soil Pollut

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Bronze is an alloy consisting mainly of Cu, thus a transfer of Cu from the casting to the sand can be expected. Kendall (2003) found that sand from a brass (alloy high in Cu and similar to bronze) mold contained elevated Cu concentrations. While the maximum Cu concentration in the WFSs was relatively high at 303 mg kg À1 , the 50th and 95th percentile concentrations were 5.6 and 38 mg kg À1 , respectively, indicating that the majority of WFSs are low in Cu (Table 2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of total metals in waste molding and core sands from ferrous and non-ferrous foundries

Miguel

Ippolito

Leytem

et al. 2012

Journal of Environmental Management

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

a b s t r a c tWaste molding and core sands from the foundry industry are successfully being used around the world in geotechnical and soil-related applications. Although waste foundry sands (WFSs) are generally not hazardous in nature, relevant data is currently not available in Argentina. This study aimed to quantify metals in waste molding and core sands from foundries using a variety of metalebinder combinations. Metal concentrations in WFSs were compared to those in virgin silica sands (VSSs), surface soils and soil guidance levels. A total analysis for Ag, Al, Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Te, Tl, V, and Zn was conducted on 96 WFSs and 14 VSSs collected from 17 small and medium-sized foundries. The majority of WFSs analyzed, regardless of metal cast and binder type, contained metal concentrations similar to those found in VSSs and native soils. In several cases where alkyd urethane binder was used, Co and Pb concentrations were elevated in the waste sands. Elevated Cr, Mo, Ni, and Tl concentrations associated with VSSs should not be an issue since these metals are bound within the silica sand matrix. Because of the naturally low metal concentrations found in most WFSs examined in this study, they should not be considered hazardous waste, thus making them available for encapsulated and unencapsulated beneficial use applications.Published by Elsevier Ltd.

show abstract

“…For analysis, the cartridges were open, and the cellulose ester filters were transferred to 120 mL Teflon ® flasks together with 5 mL of concentrated HNO 3 . Sample digestion was performed in the CEM MDS 2000 microwave furnace following the parameters described in Table 1.…”

Section: Sampling and Sample Digestionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 Atmospheric particulate matter generated from melting and pouring of brass in industrial foundries are a concern of occupational health to workers in these environments. 2,3 In foundry workplace environments the particulate matter is usually formed by condensation of metallic vapours, followed by oxidation reactions. [4][5][6] Because the smaller particles remain suspended in atmosphere, inhalation is the major path of contamination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Cd, Pb and Ni by square wave stripping voltammetry in particulate matter collected in workplace atmosphere of some Brazilian industrial foundries

Felix

Lichtig

Santos

et al. 2005

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A concentração de Cd, Pb e Ni em material particulado atmosférico coletado no ambiente de trabalho de três fundições localizadas no município de Loanda, Paraná, Brasil, foram determinadas por voltametria de onda quadrada e ICP OES. Os resultados mostram que os trabalhadores estão sendo sistematicamente expostos a concentrações de Cd e Pb que são significativamente maiores do que o Limite de Concentração recomendado pela American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). Os resultados obtidos pelo método eletroanalítico não diferem significativamente dos resultados obtidos por ICP OES, indicando a potencialidade de sua aplicação no monitoramento destes ambientes com menores custos de implementação, operação e manutenção. Baseando-se nos resultados obtidos, alterações tecnológicas no processo de produção foram recomendadas, bem como a utilização de equipamentos de proteção individual no sentido de conservar a saúde e o bem estar dos trabalhadores, minimizando os danos ao ambiente externo.The concentration of Cd, Pb and Ni in atmospheric particulate matter collected in the workplace of three foundries located in the municipality of Loanda, Paraná, Brazil, was determined by square wave voltammetry and ICP OES. The results show that workers are being systematically exposed to concentrations of Cd and Pb that are significantly above the Limit of Concentration recommended by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). Results obtained by the proposed electroanalytical method do not differ statistically from the results obtained by ICP OES, indicating its potential application to environmental monitoring at much lower cost of installation, operation and maintenance. According to the results obtained, technological changes in the production process were recommended, as well as the use of personal protective equipment in order to keep the health and well being of workers, minimizing damages to the external environment.Keywords: foundries, heavy metals, particulate matter, voltammetry, exposure levels IntroductionAtmospheric aerosols are solid or liquid particles smaller than 100 µm in diameter. Pollutant particles in the 0.001 to 10 µm range are commonly suspended near the sources of pollution, such as urban atmosphere, industrial plants, highways and power plants. 1 Atmospheric particulate matter generated from melting and pouring of brass in industrial foundries are a concern of occupational health to workers in these environments. 2,3 In foundry workplace environments the particulate matter is usually formed by condensation of metallic vapours, followed by oxidation reactions. [4][5][6] Because the smaller particles remain suspended in atmosphere, inhalation is the major path of contamination. Particulate matter in foundries have variable compositions, but Cd, Pb and Ni are elements of concern because they are minor components of most processed brasses. 7,8 Additionally, these metals have severe toxic and cumulative effects that have been extensively described in the literatur...

show abstract

Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure and Iron Treatment of Brass Foundry Waste

Cited by 34 publications

References 18 publications

Metals in Waste Foundry Sands and an Evaluation of Their Leaching and Transport to Groundwater

Metals in Waste Foundry Sands and an Evaluation of Their Leaching and Transport to Groundwater

Analysis of total metals in waste molding and core sands from ferrous and non-ferrous foundries

Determination of Cd, Pb and Ni by square wave stripping voltammetry in particulate matter collected in workplace atmosphere of some Brazilian industrial foundries

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About