Toxicity, monitoring and biodegradation of organophosphate pesticides: A review

Sidhu, Gurpreet Kaur; Singh, Simranjeet; Kumar, Vijay; Dhanjal, Daljeet Singh; Datta, Shivika

doi:10.1080/10643389.2019.1565554

Cited by 337 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 241 publications

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“…Organophosphorus pesticides are a large group of chemicals that widely used for protecting crops, livestock from various pests (Sidhu G. K. et al, 2019 ). Commonly used organophosphates are malathion, parathion, methyl parathion, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, fenitrothion, dichlorvos, ethion, and monocrotophos (Sidhu G. K. et al, 2019 ). These compounds act as an inhibitor of an acetylcholinesterase enzyme that hydrolyzes the neurotransmitter acetylcholine found in both the peripheral and central nervous systems (Robb and Baker, 2020 ).…”

Section: Role Of Bacillus Species In Biodegradatiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacilli-Mediated Degradation of Xenobiotic Compounds and Heavy Metals

Arora

2020

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Xenobiotic compounds are man-made compounds and widely used in dyes, drugs, pesticides, herbicides, insecticides, explosives, and other industrial chemicals. These compounds have been released into our soil and water due to anthropogenic activities and improper waste disposal practices and cause serious damage to aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems due to their toxic nature. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) has listed several toxic substances as priority pollutants. Bacterial remediation is identified as an emerging technique to remove these substances from the environment. Many bacterial genera are actively involved in the degradation of toxic substances. Among the bacterial genera, the members of the genus Bacillus have a great potential to degrade or transform various toxic substances. Many Bacilli have been isolated and characterized by their ability to degrade or transform a wide range of compounds including both naturally occurring substances and xenobiotic compounds. This review describes the biodegradation potentials of Bacilli toward various toxic substances, including 4-chloro-2-nitrophenol, insecticides, pesticides, herbicides, explosives, drugs, polycyclic aromatic compounds, heavy metals, azo dyes, and aromatic acids. Besides, the advanced technologies used for bioremediation of environmental pollutants using Bacilli are also briefly described. This review will increase our understanding of Bacilli -mediated degradation of xenobiotic compounds and heavy metals.

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Section: Role Of Bacillus Species In Biodegradatiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacilli-Mediated Degradation of Xenobiotic Compounds and Heavy Metals

Arora

2020

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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“…Scientists are looking for an efficient ecofriendly biodegradation method for the efficient removal of these compounds from the environment. Various microbial sources are explored for the biological degradation of organophosphate pesticides (Sidhu et al 2019). Organophosphorous acid anhydrolase isolated from Alteromonas undina was purified which can detoxify organophosphorous compounds has been reported (Cheng et al 1993).…”

Section: Degradation Of Organophosphorus Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic and biotechnological applications of substrate specific microbial aminopeptidases

Nandan

Nampoothiri

2020

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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Aminopeptidases (EC 3.4.11.) belongs to exoprotease family, which can catalyze the cleavage of peptide bond which connects the N-terminal amino acid to the penultimate residue in a protein. Aminopeptidases catalyze the process of removal of the Nterminal amino acids of target substrates by sequential cleavage of one amino acid residue at a time. Microbial aminopeptidase are of great acceptance as industrial enzymes with varying applications in food and pharma industry since these enzymes possess unique characteristics than aminopeptidases from other sources. This review describes the various applications of microbial aminopeptidases in different industrial sectors. These enzymes are widely used in food industry as a debittering agent as well as in the preparation of protein hydrolysates. In baking, brewing, and cheese making aminopeptidases are extensively used for removing the bitterness of peptides. The inhibitors of these enzymes are found great clinical applications against various diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and viral infections. Aminopeptidases are widely used for the synthesis of biopeptides and amino acids, and found to be efficient than chemical synthesis. These enzymes are capable of hydrolyzing organophosphate compounds, thus having biological as well as environmental significance. Key Points• Cleaves the amino-terminal amino acid residues from proteins and peptides.• Microbial aminopeptidase are of great acceptance as both therapeutic and industrial enzyme.• Review describes the potential applications of microbial aminopeptidases.

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“…The result is cholinergic shock, paralysis, and in cases of severe toxicity, death. Other organophosphate derivatives such as azinphos, chlorpyrifos, and diazinon are used for pest control on food and commodity crops worldwide (Sidhu et al, 2019). Persistence in the environment after agricultural use is limited, but more than 100,000 deaths per year result from organophosphate poisoning, mostly from self‐ingestion (Eddleston, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular binding scaffolds increase local substrate concentration enhancing the enzymatic hydrolysis of VX nerve agent

Lang

Hong

Baker

et al. 2020

Biotech & Bioengineering

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Kinetic enhancement of organophosphate hydrolysis is a long‐standing challenge in catalysis. For prophylactic treatment against organophosphate exposure, enzymatic hydrolysis needs to occur at high rates in the presence of low substrate concentrations and enzymatic activity should persist over days and weeks. Here, the conjugation of small DNA scaffolds was used to introduce substrate binding sites with micromolar affinity to VX, paraoxon, and methyl‐parathion in close proximity to the enzyme phosphotriesterase (PTE). The result was a decrease in KM and increase in the rate at low substrate concentrations. An optimized system for paraoxon hydrolysis decreased KM by 11‐fold, with a corresponding increase in second‐order rate constant. The initial rates of VX and methyl‐parathion hydrolysis were also increased by 3.1‐ and 6.7‐fold, respectively. The designed scaffolds not only increased the local substrate concentration, but they also resulted in increased stability and PTE‐DNA particle size tuning between 25 and ~150 nm. The scaffold engineering approach taken here is focused on altering the local chemical and physical microenvironment around the enzyme and is therefore compatible with active site engineering via combinatorial and computational approaches.

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Toxicity, monitoring and biodegradation of organophosphate pesticides: A review

Cited by 337 publications

References 241 publications

Bacilli-Mediated Degradation of Xenobiotic Compounds and Heavy Metals

Bacilli-Mediated Degradation of Xenobiotic Compounds and Heavy Metals

Therapeutic and biotechnological applications of substrate specific microbial aminopeptidases

Molecular binding scaffolds increase local substrate concentration enhancing the enzymatic hydrolysis of VX nerve agent

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