Toxicity of 2‐Chloro‐6‐(Trichloromethyl) Pyridine in Soybean (<i>Glycine Max</i> L. Merr.) Seedlings<sup>1</sup>

Riley, D.; Barber, S. A.

doi:10.2134/agronj1970.00021962006200040039x

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Significantly lower yields were recorded with AS 2 +N-Serve compared with AS 2 under low irrigation conditions in both soil types, while in Piarco soil AS 1 +N-Serve gave significantly lower yield than AS 1 • It appears that N-Serve at high rate and/or under dry conditions can be toxic to cane, especially in the sandy soil. Toxic effects of N-Serve on other plants have been reported by other workers (5,10,11 ). No consistent effect of N-Serve on tillering was evident ( Table 2).…”

Section: Drum Experimentssupporting

confidence: 49%

Nitrogen Nutrition and Yield of Sugarcane as Affected by N‐Serve¹

Prasad¹

1976

Agronomy Journal

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Very few experiments have been conducted to evaluate N‐Serve [2‐chloro‐6‐(trichloromethyl) pyridine] formulated with N fertilizer for sugarcane (Saccharum officirarum L.). N‐Serve when fomulated with N‐fertilizer increased sugarcane yields in the Philippines and in Louisiana but failed to do so in Puerto Rico and in Mauritius. In view of the relatively few experiments conducted with N‐Serve for sugarcane and the conflicting nature of the results, a pot experiment in drums and a field experiment were conducted to study the effect of N‐Serve formulated with solid ammonium sulfate (AS) on sugarcane (‘HJ 5741’) yield, leaf N content, tillering, and on soil N. In the pot experiment two soils, a clayey loam (Typic Tropaqualfs) and a loamy sand (Aquoxic Tropudults) were used combined with a high and low irrigation treatment. There were two rates of AS with and without N‐Serve. A control treatment was also included. N‐Serve was applied at 2.5% of the weight of AS. In the field experiment on a sandy clay (Typic Tropaqualfs) there were three rates of AS with and without N‐Serve. A control treatment was also included. N‐Serve was applied at a flat rate of 24 liters/ha. In the pot experiment N‐Serve increased the yield of sugarcane and leaf N‐content at the low rate of N application. However, N‐Serve reduced yields in the loamy sand soil at both rates of N under low irrigation. N‐Serve was effective in inhibiting nitrification at least up to 6 weeks in all four combinations but it was less effective in the loamy sand soil under high irrigation. High percentage of N in the leaf of the N‐Serve treatments reflected the higher efficiency of N fertilizer with N‐Serve. In the field experiment N at 103 kg/ha with N‐Serve gave yields almost equal to 206 kg/ha without N‐Serve. Nitrification was inhibited up to 12 weeks at N‐Serve application with low rate of N in the field. As in the drum experiment, the efficiency of the N‐fertilizer (as reflected by higher percentage N in the leaf) was improved with N‐Serve applications, especially with lower rates of N.

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Section: Drum Experimentssupporting

confidence: 49%

Nitrogen Nutrition and Yield of Sugarcane as Affected by N‐Serve¹

Prasad¹

1976

Agronomy Journal

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“…Because 6chloropicolinic acid is the initial and principal metabolite present after the application of nitrapyrin, some of the phytotoxicity observed in studies conducted with nitrapyrin is probably due to 6-chloropicolinic acid. This would seem to be the case in instances where auxin-type symptoms have been observed with leguminous plants (6,7,12,13).…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Results obtained in several laboratory studies, however, have shown that nitrapyrin applied to soil can produce phytotoxicity, and that the nature and sev-erity of the phytotoxicity depends to a large extent upon the concentration of nitrapyrin as well as the plant species and soil in question (6,7,9,12,13). Legumes such as alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) (7), black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) (6,12), and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Phytotoxicity of Nitrapyrin and its Principal Metabolite, 6‐Chloropicolinic Acid

Geronimo¹,

Smith²,

Stockdale³

et al. 1973

Agronomy Journal

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Previous laboratory studies have shown that nitrapyrin (2‐chloro‐6‐(trichloromethyl) pyridine) can produce phytotoxicity in certain plants. Nitrapyrin hydrolyzes in soil to 6‐chloropicolinic acid; however, the phytotoxic properties of the latter compound have not been compared with those of the former. Therefore, studies were conducted to compare the relative toxicity of nitrapyrin and 6‐chloropicolinic acid to the seedlings of various crop plants, to compare their phytotoxicity in a variety of soils, and to estimate if the soil concentration, of either chemical, required to produce significant growth reduction is less than recommended field application rates for nitrapyrin. Nitrapyrin was more toxic than 6‐chloropicolinic acid to the graminaceous species tested which included corn (Zea mays L.), sorghum (Sorghum vulgate L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and rice (Oryza sativa L.). 6‐Chloropicolinic acid was more toxic than nitrapyrin to the dicotyledenous species tested which included cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), and soybean (Glycine max L.). The dicotyledenous species were more sensitive to both compounds than were the graminaceous species. All species tested except alfalfa and tomato tolerated soil concentrations of nitrapyrin estimated to be greater than the highest recommended field application rates. Nitrapyrin was more highly adsorbed and therefore detoxified to a greater extent than 6‐chloropicolinic acid when soil organic matter increased.

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“…A decrease in main root elongation and lateral root formation due to nitrapyrin has been reported by Lynd et al (1967). Riley and Barber (1970) found that 8 and 20 ppm nitrapyrin caused soybean roots to be stubby and form club-like swelling, particularly just behind the root tips.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…was 10 ppmw, which is well above the concentration resulting from application of highest recommended rate. Riley and Barber (1970) reported that yield of soybean shoot was reduced with nitrapyrin concentrations of 8 and 20 ppm and its morphology was changed with concentration as low as 1 ppm. The nature and severity of nitrapyrin toxicity varies with concentration (Gerónimo et al, 1973;Mills et al, 1973), plant species (Gerónimo et al, 1973; Osborne, 1977; Sander and Barker, 1978), and soil properties (Gerónimo et al, 1973).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative phytotoxicity of several nitrification inhibitors to soybean plants

Maftoun¹,

Sheibany²

1979

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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an effective instrument of transfer from soil to animal tissue.Interpretation of data for chromium, lead, and nickel content of the animal tissues with respect to application of sludge to the soil on which the greens were grown is difficult because of contamination of the diets mentioned above. Excretion of all three of these metals in the feces was much higher in rats fed diets containing 50% of dried greens than in those fed the standard diet in spite of the fact that dietary differences in chromium and nickel content were relatively small. This along with high excretion rates for other elements may indicate a general laxative effect (and consequent reduction in mineral absorption) associated with the high level of dried plant material in the diet. SUMMARYApplication of sewage sludge to the land resulted in growth of turnip greens at least as vigorous as that obtained with conventional fertilizer (NPK). Total ash content of above-ground plant material was higher in greens grown on sludge than in those grown on NPK and was higher with the high application sludge (HSS) than with the lower level (LSS). Inclusion of the dried material as 50% of the total weight of diets fed to weanling rats had some adverse effects on growth performance. This result could be due to decreased digestibility and/or a laxative effect of the greens. The only differences in rat tissue content of the elements analyzed that appeared to be attributable to sludge treatment were elevated levels of cadmium in liver and kidney.

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Toxicity of 2‐Chloro‐6‐(Trichloromethyl) Pyridine in Soybean (Glycine Max L. Merr.) Seedlings¹

Cited by 16 publications

References 4 publications

Nitrogen Nutrition and Yield of Sugarcane as Affected by N‐Serve¹

Nitrogen Nutrition and Yield of Sugarcane as Affected by N‐Serve¹

Comparative Phytotoxicity of Nitrapyrin and its Principal Metabolite, 6‐Chloropicolinic Acid

Comparative phytotoxicity of several nitrification inhibitors to soybean plants

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Toxicity of 2‐Chloro‐6‐(Trichloromethyl) Pyridine in Soybean (Glycine Max L. Merr.) Seedlings1

Cited by 16 publications

References 4 publications

Nitrogen Nutrition and Yield of Sugarcane as Affected by N‐Serve1

Nitrogen Nutrition and Yield of Sugarcane as Affected by N‐Serve1

Comparative Phytotoxicity of Nitrapyrin and its Principal Metabolite, 6‐Chloropicolinic Acid

Comparative phytotoxicity of several nitrification inhibitors to soybean plants

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Toxicity of 2‐Chloro‐6‐(Trichloromethyl) Pyridine in Soybean (Glycine Max L. Merr.) Seedlings¹

Nitrogen Nutrition and Yield of Sugarcane as Affected by N‐Serve¹

Nitrogen Nutrition and Yield of Sugarcane as Affected by N‐Serve¹