Toxicity of alum sludge extracts to a freshwater alga, protozoan, fish, and marine bacterium

George, Dennis B.; Berk, Sharon G.; Adams, V. Dean; Ting, Rebecca S.; Roberts, Robert O.; Parks, L. H.; Lott, R. C.

doi:10.1007/bf00212964

Cited by 44 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The congener M. griffithii again showed the opposite trend with Al being slightly more toxic at pH 8.5 than at pH 7 or 7.5. Enhanced toxicity at high and low pH relative to circumneutral conditions was also observed when Selenastrum capricornutum was exposed to alum sludge extracts for rivers in North America (George et al, 1995).…”

Section: A Ph-dependent Toxicity With Respect To Total Almentioning

confidence: 83%

The Bioavailability and Toxicity of Aluminum in Aquatic Environments

Gensemer

Playle

1999

Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology

642

444

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ABSTRACT:In this article we review the biological effects of Al, primarily with respect to the chemical factors controlling Al bioavailability and toxicity, and how its biological effects are best predicted. Our intent is not to duplicate recent reviews on Al chemistry or toxicity, but rather to update the literature since these reviews were published, and to focus on Al speciation and other external chemical influences on Al bioavailability to freshwater biota. Briefly, we first review Al chemistry, with a specific focus on understanding, as well as measuring, Al chemical species of importance to aquatic biota. Next we more comprehensively review Al toxicity and bioavailability to freshwater algae, with a thorough analysis of the relationships between speciation and toxicity, the role of important chemical complexing agents such as P, Si, and organic carbon, as well as the potential for Al to impact algal community structure. A third section reviews the more sparse literature on aquatic higher plants; the fourth section reviews a somewhat more abundant literature of Al toxicity to freshwater invertebrates. We close with an updated review of Al toxicity to fish, again with a focus on mechanisms of toxicity, and the role of Al speciation in controlling bioavailability.

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Section: A Ph-dependent Toxicity With Respect To Total Almentioning

confidence: 83%

The Bioavailability and Toxicity of Aluminum in Aquatic Environments

Gensemer

Playle

1999

Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology

642

444

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“…This could be because of the difference in speciation (i.e., fewer complexes in the Microtox bioassay medium), but it also could be a result of the inherent sensitivity of Microtox cells to metals. In addition, the Microtox bioassay underestimates the toxicity of metals in freshwater relative to freshwaterbased nonmicrobial bioassays (Ankley et al, 1990;George et al, 1995;Pardos et al, 1999;Radix et al, 2000). This also could be because of the difference in speciation (i.e., fewer complexes in freshwater).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical speciation and toxicity of metals assessed by three bioluminescence‐based assays using marine organisms

Deheyn

Bencheikh-Latmani

Latz

2004

Environmental Toxicology

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ABSTRACT:Metal toxicity is a function of the biology of the target organism and the chemical speciation of the metal. The toxicity of 11 metals was assessed with three cell-based bioassays based on marine organisms: the bacterium Photobacterium phosphoreum of the Microtoxா bioassay, an environmental strain of P. phosphoreum, and photocytes isolated from the brittlestar Ophiopsila californica. Metal speciation was calculated for three commonly used media: NaCl-based Microtoxா bioassay medium, artificial seawater glycerol, and artificial seawater. Decreased bioluminescence was considered a proxy for cell toxicity. In all three assays the elements Cd and Hg exhibited similar speciation as well as similar toxicity profiles. The element Cu was toxic in all three assays despite different metal speciation for the P. phosphoreum bioassay. The element Ag was toxic to both bacterial strains but not to photocytes despite a similar chemical speciation for all three assays. In general, the Microtoxா bioassay was sensitive to all metals (except Pb), whereas the photocytes were the least sensitive to the metals. The heightened response of the Microtoxா bioassay probably resulted from a combination of the limited complexing power of the medium and the greater sensitivity of the bacterial strain.

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“…There is therefore a crucial research need to examine the toxic effects of waterworks sludge and its metal contents. As regards reuse, George et al, (1995) studied the alum sludge toxicity from ten water treatment plants sludges throughout North America using S.…”

Section: Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%