Toxicity of colloidal silver products and their marketing claims in Finland

Preparation, Characterization of Chitosan-Coated/Uncoated Boron Nanoparticles and In-Vitro Evaluation of Their Antimicrobial Effects

“…It is not an essential element in the body. 66 However, boron is a metalloid that plays an important role in the functioning of the cell membrane of animals, enzymatic reactions, hormonal and mineral metabolism. Boron is also thought to be an essential metalloid for animals.…”

The microbial‐killing Ag nanoparticles in food supply chain: How it was applied and what a consumer should know?

“…Consumers might not aware of the adverse impact brought by this technology; instead, they get attracted by the interesting product description in the advertisement. Worst still, the publication of misleading or false claims by the manufacturer on their product website/social media further shadows the knowledge about the actual risk of AgNPs (Leino et al., 2021). The release of AgNPs from their embedded bodies could be very low in quantity but direct consumption of AgNPs (such as by drinking colloidal Ag as a dietary supplement) can easily exceed the reference dose for chronic oral silver exposure set by the US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) (Leino et al., 2021; Rogers et al., 2020).…”

Fate, uptake and gut toxicity of two colloidal silver products in mice: how micro X-ray fluorescence, micro X-ray absorption spectroscopy and near-infrared spectroscopy provide new insights in food nanotoxicology

“…1,2 In particular, dietary supplements are sold under the 'colloidal silver' generic term for their supposed effects on intestinal well-being. [3][4][5] Silver is not considered as one of the essential minerals for humans and no longer appears as an authorized mineral in food supplements within the European Union. 6 Thus, it is not authorized under the term of dietary supplement, but still available for cosmetic external application.…”