Toxicity of DDT to the Different Life Stages of the Mummichog Fundulus heteroclitus (Wabum)

Anadu, D.I.; Scott, Geoffrey I.; Fulton, Michael H.

doi:10.1007/s001289900964

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Neither development nor survival were affected by either of the model EDSs and there were no consistent effects among experiments or with increasing concentrations of either the agonist or antagonist for time to hatch and length at hatch. For certain waterborne chemicals, mummichog embryos have been found to be less affected than larvae because of the protective barrier formed by the membranes of the egg [38]. Furthermore, in teleosts, the larval stage is known as the most sensitive life stage [7].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utility of morphological abnormalities during early‐life development of the estuarine mummichog, Fundulus heteroclitus, as an indicator of estrogenic and antiestrogenic endocrine disruption

Boudreau

Courtenay

MacLatchy

et al. 2004

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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To evaluate the use of morphological abnormalities for standard testing of endocrine-disrupting substances (EDS), we tested the hypothesis that developmental abnormalities are a sensitive indicator of exposure to waterborne estrogenic and antiestrogenic EDS during embryonic, larval, and juvenile stages in the common estuarine killifish, the mummichog (Pisces: Cyprinodontidae). Static exposures with daily renewal were carried out with 10 to 10,000 ng/L of the estrogen agonist 17alpha-ethynylestradiol (EE2) or antagonist ZM189,154 (ZM) for the first 25 or 60 d of life. Incidence of skeletal abnormalities (scoliosis, lordosis, head, craniofacial, jaw, fin) and soft tissue abnormality (anal swelling) were significantly increased by EE2 but only at high concentrations (1,000 or 10,000 ng/L). Sixty-day exposure produced more severe abnormalities than 25-d exposure and in a higher proportion of fish. Within the longer exposure, 10,000 ng/L EE2 produced more abnormal fish than 1,000 ng/L (100% vs 51.6%) and more abnormalities per abnormal fish (5.73 vs 1.47). Fish reared to 12 months in clean water after exposure for 60 d to 10,000 ng/L EE2 survived at a lower rate than controls, retained abnormalities with the exception of anal swelling and, like fish exposed to other concentrations of EE2 and ZM, showed increased weight at length at 6 and 12 months. Sixty-day exposure to ZM increased the incidence of scoliosis (1,000 ng/L) but decreased the overall incidences of abnormal fish and lordosis (10 and 10,000 ng/L). No impacts of EE2 or ZM were observed before hatch, and clearing and staining of larvae demonstrated that expression of vertebral abnormalities coincided temporally with ossification. We conclude that morphological abnormalities in mummichogs are not a sensitive indicator of exposure to estrogenic or antiestrogenic waterborne EDSs at environmentally relevant concentrations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utility of morphological abnormalities during early‐life development of the estuarine mummichog, Fundulus heteroclitus, as an indicator of estrogenic and antiestrogenic endocrine disruption

Boudreau

Courtenay

MacLatchy

et al. 2004

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…However, recent studies report even higher DDT LC50 values for other aquatic organisms. For example, Anadu et al [28] reported a 96‐h LC50 for the mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus) of approximately 20,000 ng/L.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of humic acids on toxicity of DDT and chlorpyrifos to freshwater and estuarine invertebrates

Mézin

Hale

2004

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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The effects of dissolved humic acids (HAs) on the acute toxicities of the organophosphate pesticide chlorpyrifos and the organochlorine pesticide 4,4'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) were assessed by using freshwater crustaceans (Ceriodaphnia dubia) and saltwater crustaceans (Americamysis bahia). The effects of filtered Aldrich HAs (10-100 mg/L) on organism mortality were determined. Humic acids had no effect on mortality of A. bahia for either pesticide at a salinity of 20 parts per thousand, but greatly reduced the mortality of C. dubia for both pesticides in freshwater (0 parts per thousand). In the latter case, the effect was proportional to the HA concentration. The difference in toxicity mitigation as a function of salinity is believed to be due to conformational changes in the HA molecules, which impact pesticide-HA binding, rather than to organismal effects.

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“…Larvae that emerged in the present study were significantly longer when exposed to 1 and 100 ng/L EE 2 . Exposure to EE 2 prior to spawning and fertilization may affect the developing oocyte before the development of the protective chorion and associated membranes of the egg that prevent exogenous compounds from reaching the developing embryo (Anadu et al, 1999). Survival from hatch to the conclusion of the study was found to be significantly higher for 100 ng/L EE 2 -exposed fish than any other treatment.…”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 95%

Effects of 17α-ethynylestradiol on early-life development, sex differentiation and vitellogenin induction in mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus)

Peters

Courtenay

Hewitt

et al. 2010

Marine Environmental Research

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Fertilized mummichog eggs retrieved from 17alpha-ethynylestradiol (EE(2)) exposed adult fish were raised in concentrations of EE(2) ranging from 0 to 100 ng/L (100 ng/L EE(2) estimated to have actual average exposure concentrations of 30% of nominal; 0.1-10 ng/L were below detect throughout 24-h exposure period) for 61 weeks post-hatch. Eggs exposed at 100 ng/L hatched sooner, the larvae were longer, and survival of juvenile fish from hatch to study termination was greater than all other treatments, though fewer hatched at this treatment. Sex ratios were skewed (>80% female phenotype) at 100 ng/L EE(2), and some gonadal male fish displayed female secondary sex characteristics. Condition factor, gonadosomatic index (GSI), and liver somatic index (LSI) were found to decrease in both sexes between 52 and 61 weeks post-hatch. Female fish had increased hepatic vitellogenin (VTG) at 52 weeks post-hatch. When exposed to 1, 10 and 100 ng/L EE(2), female fish had a higher proportion of vitellogenic follicles in the ovarian tissue. Males exposed at 100 ng/L may have had disruption at some endpoints (GSI, VTG) that is masked due to reduced sample size compared to other treatments. Fish exposed to concentrations of EE(2) at or below 10 ng/L showed inconsistent effects on development and reproductive potential. This study indicates the potential for population-level effects at the high range of environmental EE(2) at concentrations equivalent to those at which consistent effects in fecundity in the adult mummichog reproductive test have been measured. This work demonstrates that chronic EE(2) exposure causes developmental effects at concentrations similar to those which cause effects in the shorter-term adult mummichog reproductive test. Effects are at higher concentrations than have been noted for freshwater model species. Whether this is because of species sensitivity or due to differences between freshwater and saltwater availability of EE(2) or its uptake requires further study.

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Toxicity of DDT to the Different Life Stages of the Mummichog Fundulus heteroclitus (Wabum)

Cited by 8 publications

References 9 publications

Utility of morphological abnormalities during early‐life development of the estuarine mummichog, Fundulus heteroclitus, as an indicator of estrogenic and antiestrogenic endocrine disruption

Utility of morphological abnormalities during early‐life development of the estuarine mummichog, Fundulus heteroclitus, as an indicator of estrogenic and antiestrogenic endocrine disruption

Effect of humic acids on toxicity of DDT and chlorpyrifos to freshwater and estuarine invertebrates

Effects of 17α-ethynylestradiol on early-life development, sex differentiation and vitellogenin induction in mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus)

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