Toxicity of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) and di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate (DEHA) under conditions of renal dysfunction induced with folic acid in rats: Enhancement of male reproductive toxicity of DEHP is associated with an increase of the mono-derivative

Nabae, Kyoko; Doi, Yuko; Takahashi, Satoru; Ichihara, Toshio; Toda, Chitose; Ueda, Koji; Okamoto, Yoshinori; Kojima, Nakao; Tamano, Seiko; Shirai, Tomoyuki

doi:10.1016/j.reprotox.2006.07.003

Cited by 18 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…22,27,33,65–67 Studies have shown that DEHA induces mild to moderate developmental toxicity at 400 and 800 mg kg −1 bw per day, respectively, resulting in a prolonged gestation period, smaller pup size and an increased incidence of postnatal death. 66 Although the molecular structures of DEHP and DEHA are analogous, studies have confirmed that DEHA does not have endocrine effects similar to DEHP.…”

Section: Dehp-free Plasticizersmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of alternatives to di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-containing medical devices in the neonatal intensive care unit

et al. 2011

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Objective To conduct an extensive literature and toxicological database review on substitute compounds and available alternative medical products to replace polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and/or di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), and conduct a DEHP-medical inventory analysis at a large metropolitan neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Study Design A systematic search for DEHP-free alternative products was performed using online databases. An informal audit of a large metropolitan NICU was undertaken in 2005 and 2006; 21 products were identified that could potentially contain DEHP. Availability of DEHP-free alternatives was determined through company websites and phone interviews. Result Two alternative approaches are available for replacing DEHP in NICU medical products: (1) replacement by DEHP-free plasticizers; and (2) replacement of PVC entirely through the use of other polymers. Both approaches seem to provide less harmful substitutes to DEHP, but support PVC-free polymers as the preferred alternative. However, significant data gaps exist, particularly for the alternative polymers. In all, 10 out of 21 (48%) products in the NICU audit were DEHP-free; six consisted of alternative polymers and four of alternative plasticizers. Of the remaining 11 products, only three were available without DEHP at the time of the audit. Conclusion Because of significant data gaps, systematic toxicological testing of DEHP-free alternatives is imperative. Continued development of alternative products is also needed.

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Section: Dehp-free Plasticizersmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of alternatives to di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-containing medical devices in the neonatal intensive care unit

et al. 2011

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“…However, unlike the ortho-phthalates, there is limited toxicity and health evidence for the replacement plasticizers, and research suggests that these replacements are increasing in use before their health effects are well characterized. In rats, DEHA was a mild to moderate developmental toxicant, however, anti-androgenic or reproductive effects were not observed [21,[38][39][40]. Similarly, there have been no reports of reproductive effects or carcinogenicity in rats exposed to DEHT, although a majority of these findings come from industry-funded publications [20,[41][42][43] and the results should be interpreted with caution [44].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Phthalate and novel plasticizer concentrations in food items from U.S. fast food chains: a preliminary analysis

Edwards

McCray

VanNoy

et al. 2021

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Background Fast food consumption is associated with biomarkers of ortho-phthalates exposures. However, the chemical content of fast food is unknown; certain ortho-phthalates (i.e., di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP)) have been phased out and replaced with other plasticizers (e.g., dioctyl terephthalate (DEHT)). Objective We conducted a preliminary study to examine ortho-phthalate and replacement plasticizer concentrations in foods and food handling gloves from U.S. fast food restaurants. Methods We obtained hamburgers, fries, chicken nuggets, chicken burritos, cheese pizza (n = 64 food samples) and gloves (n = 3) from restaurants and analyzed them for 11 chemicals using gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Results We found DEHT at the highest concentrations in both foods (n = 19; median = 2510 µg/kg; max = 12,400 µg/kg) and gloves (n = 3; range: 28–37% by weight). We detected DnBP and DEHP in 81% and 70% of food samples, respectively. Median DEHT concentrations were significantly higher in burritos than hamburgers (6000 µg/kg vs. 2200 µg/kg; p < 0.0001); DEHT was not detected in fries. Cheese pizza had the lowest levels of most chemicals. Significance To our knowledge, these are the first measurements of DEHT in food. Our preliminary findings suggest that ortho-phthalates remain ubiquitous and replacement plasticizers may be abundant in fast food meals. Impact statement A selection of popular fast food items sampled in this study contain detectable levels of replacement plasticizers and concerning ortho-phthalates. In addition, food handling gloves contain replacement plasticizers, which may be a source of food contamination. These results, if confirmed, may inform individual and regulatory exposure reduction strategies.

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“…77 In general, DEHA is considered a safer alternative to DEHP. 78 There were no anti-androgenic effects 77,79 or testicular toxicity 80,81 attributed to DEHA treatment in rats. However, DEHA led to an extended gestation period at a dosage of 800 mg kg −1 day −1 , and there was a dose-dependent rise in postnatal mortality at 400 and 800 mg kg −1 day −1 .…”

Section: An Overview Of Commonly Used Plasticizersmentioning

confidence: 98%

Global environmental and toxicological data of emerging plasticizers: current knowledge, regrettable substitution dilemma, green solution and future perspectives

Qadeer,

Anis,

Warner

et al. 2024

Green Chem.

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Toxicity of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) and di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate (DEHA) under conditions of renal dysfunction induced with folic acid in rats: Enhancement of male reproductive toxicity of DEHP is associated with an increase of the mono-derivative

Cited by 18 publications

References 17 publications

A review of alternatives to di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-containing medical devices in the neonatal intensive care unit

A review of alternatives to di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-containing medical devices in the neonatal intensive care unit

Phthalate and novel plasticizer concentrations in food items from U.S. fast food chains: a preliminary analysis

Global environmental and toxicological data of emerging plasticizers: current knowledge, regrettable substitution dilemma, green solution and future perspectives

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