Toxicity of leachate from automobile tires to aquatic biota

Day, Kristin E.; Holtze, Keith E.; Metcalfe-Smith, Janice L.; Bishop, C.T.; Dutka, B. J.

doi:10.1016/0045-6535(93)90100-j

Cited by 132 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Leachates are acutely toxic to microalgae [Cheung et al, 1993], bacteria, Daphnia, and fish [Atwater et al, 1983;Day et al, 1993;Ernst et al, 1994;Isidori et al, 2003] and are mutagenic in microbial systems [Kamiya et al, 1989;Donnelly et al, 1990;Omura et al, 1992;Schrab et al, 1993]. Solid waste leachates produce cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in root tip cells of Allium cepa [Cabrera and Rodriguez, 1999;Bakare et al, 2000;Bakare, 2001;Chandra et al, 2005].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

DNA damage induced in human peripheral blood lymphocytes by industrial solid waste and municipal sludge leachates

Bakare

Pandey

Bajpayee

et al. 2006

Environ and Mol Mutagen

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Exposure of humans to toxic compounds occurs mostly in the form of complex mixtures. Leachates, consisting of mixtures of many chemicals, are a potential risk to human health. In the present study, leachates of solid wastes from a polyfiber factory (PFL), an aeronautical plant (AEL), and a municipal sludge leachate (MSL) were assessed for their ability to induce DNA damage in human peripheral blood lymphocytes using the alkaline Comet assay. The leachates also were examined for their physical and chemical properties. Lymphocytes were incubated with 0.5-15.0% concentrations (pH range 7.1-7.4) of the test leachates for 3 hr at 37 degrees C, and treatment with 1 mM ethyl methanesulfonate served as a positive control. All three leachates induced significant (P < 0.05), concentration-dependent increases in DNA damage compared with the negative control, as measured by increases in Olive tail moment (arbitrary units), tail DNA (%), and tail length (mum). A comparison of these variables among the treatment groups indicated that the MSL induced the most DNA damage. Inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry analysis of the leachates indicated that they contained high concentrations of heavy metals, viz. iron, manganese, nickel, zinc, cadmium, chromium, and lead. The individual, synergistic, or antagonistic effects of these chemicals in the leachates may be responsible for the DNA damage. Our data indicate that the ever-increasing amounts of leachates from waste landfill sites have the potential to induce DNA damage and suggest that the exposure of human populations to these leachates may lead to adverse health effects.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

DNA damage induced in human peripheral blood lymphocytes by industrial solid waste and municipal sludge leachates

Bakare

Pandey

Bajpayee

et al. 2006

Environ and Mol Mutagen

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“…Benzothiazole is environmentally persistent (Evans, 1997) and a major degradation product of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole and a few other derivatives (Brownlee et al, 1992;Spies et al, 1987). Toxicological effects of these compounds have been studied on microorganisms and aquatic biota (Day et al, 1993;De Wever and Verachtert, 1997). However, the significance of such compounds as habitat components of the mosquitoes has never been investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of microsomal cytochrome P450s by tire‐leachate compounds, habitat components of Aedes albopictus mosquito larvae

Suwanchaichinda

Brattsten

2002

Arch Insect Biochem Physiol

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Benzothiazole (BZT) and its derivatives are the major leachate compounds of automobile tires, the principal breeding habitat of Aedes albopictus, particularly in the United States. Effects of the compounds on insecticide toxicity, and activities and expression of microsomal cytochrome P450s (P450s) in the mosquito larvae were examined. Mosquito larvae were more tolerant to carbaryl, rotenone, and temephos when they were pre-exposed to tire-leachate compounds, particularly BZT. There was no change in toxicity from the aldrin treatment by BZT. The effect of BZT was reversed when a P450 inhibitor, piperonyl butoxide, was applied in admixture with the insecticides. Microsomes from BZT-treated larvae had increased peroxidation activity of tetramethylbenzidine. This correlated with increased intensity of SDS-PAGE protein bands corresponding to molecular weights of 59 and 62 kD, which were detected as heme-containing proteins, a characteristic of P450s. The results suggest that BZT induces P450s, which detoxify insecticides and thus cause insecticide tolerance in the mosquito larvae. Arch.

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“…However, tires hold water-soluble components that percolate out into groundwater and are toxic to aquatic organisms. [3][4][5] Waste tires are diffi cult to ignite. Once ignited, however, tires will burn at a tremendously high temperature and are very diffi cult to extinguish.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of microsilica addition on compressive strength of rubberized concrete at elevated temperatures

Al-Mutairi

AlRukaibi

Bufarsan

2010

J Mater Cycles Waste Manag

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An experimental investigation was carried out to study the effects of various percentages of fi ne/coarse tire waste and microsilica at various temperatures on the compressive strength of concrete. The compressive strength of concrete mixtures made with tire rubber was assessed statistically with those of concrete containing microsilica and conventional concretes in order to evaluate the usefulness of recycling rubber waste as a component of concrete.Results confi rmed that the recipe and processing temperature of concrete cubes infl uence the compressive strength values. Generally, the use of microsilica or fi ne rubber mixed with microsilica as aggregate replacement of 5% by volume improved the compressive strength of concrete processed at a temperature of 150°C. The addition of coarse rubber did not achieve any increase in strength when used as an aggregate replacement at any percentage. Moreover, the reductions in the compressive strength of concrete mixes at higher temperatures were much smaller for the fi ne rubber with 5 vol% microsilica than those for control and coarse rubber mixes. The specimens made with fi ne rubber and 5 vol% microsilica at elevated temperatures above 400°C appeared to show very similar compressive strength values. The use of fi ne rubber in building construction could help save energy and reduce costs and solve the solid waste disposal problem posed by this type of waste.

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Toxicity of leachate from automobile tires to aquatic biota

Cited by 132 publications

References 11 publications

DNA damage induced in human peripheral blood lymphocytes by industrial solid waste and municipal sludge leachates

DNA damage induced in human peripheral blood lymphocytes by industrial solid waste and municipal sludge leachates

Induction of microsomal cytochrome P450s by tire‐leachate compounds, habitat components of Aedes albopictus mosquito larvae

Effect of microsilica addition on compressive strength of rubberized concrete at elevated temperatures

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