Toxicity of Modified Magnetite-Based Nanocomposites Used for Wastewater Treatment and Evaluated on Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Model

Abstract

Magnetite-based nanocomposites are used for biomedical, industrial, and environmental applications. In this study, we evaluated their effects on survival, malformation, reproduction, and behavior in a zebrafish animal model. Nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical coprecipitation and were surface-functionalized with (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES), L-cysteine (Cys), and 3-(triethoxysilyl) propylsuccinic anhydride (CAS). All these nanocomposites were designed for the treatment of wastewater. Zebrafish embryos at 8 h post-fertilization (hpf) and larvae at 4 days post-fertilization (dpf) were exposed to the magnetic nanocomposites Fe3O4 MNP (magnetite), MNP+APTES, MNP+Cys, MNP+APTES+Cys, and MNP+CAS, at concentrations of 1, 10, 100, and 1000 µg/mL. Zebrafish were observed until 13 dpf, registering daily hatching, survival, and malformations. Behavior was tested at 10 dpf for larvae, and reproduction was analyzed later in adulthood. The results showed that the toxicity of the nanocomposites used were relatively low. Exploratory behavior tests showed no significant changes. Reproduction in adults treated during development was not affected, even at concentrations above the OECD recommendation. Given the slight effects observed so far, these results suggest that nanocomposites at the concentrations evaluated here could be a viable alternative for water remediation because they do not affect the long-term survival and welfare of the animals.

Facile Synthesis of Benzimidazoles via Oxidative Cyclization of Acyclic Monoterpene Aldehyde with Diamines: Studies on Antimicrobial and in Vivo Evaluation of Zebrafish

“…Ocular and body coloration, somite development, tail detachment, heart rate, and blood circulation in the treated embryos did not change significantly from the untreated control. These findings show that none of the four concentrations tested for the benzimidazole derivatives under consideration produced embryo toxicity harm to zebrafish larvae [40] . The result of 96 hpf survival rates revealed that the compounds ( 3a , 3b , 3f , 3i , 3l , 3h , and 1a ) were significantly more hazardous to the embryos than ( 3c – e , 3g , and 3I‐k ).…”

“…These findings show that none of the four concentrations tested for the benzimidazole derivatives under consideration produced embryo toxicity harm to zebrafish larvae. [40] The result of 96 hpf survival rates revealed that the compounds (3a, 3b, 3f, 3i, 3l, 3h, and 1a) were significantly more hazardous to the embryos than (3c-e, 3g, and 3I-k). Furthermore, the toxicity of the benzimidazole derivatives used in treatment with various concentrations.…”

Comparative synthesis and characterization of nanocomposites using chemical and green approaches including a comparison study onin vivoandin vitrobiological properties

“…Hu et al 78 observed that exposure to a nanocomposite affected the mortality rate and hatching rate of zebrafish embryos in dose- and time-dependent ways. 78 In zebrafish embryos, the toxicities of many other nanomaterials, such as nanocomposite nanoparticles, including ZnO NPs, 58 TiO 2 NPs, 79 copper NPs, 80 CuO NPs, 81 ZrO NPs, 82 SiO 2 NPs 83 and carbon nanotubes, 84 and magnetite based nanocomposites, 85 have been examined. Significant results include higher mortality, a lower hatching rate, and developmental abnormalities.…”

Treatment of Wastewater, Phenols and Dyes Using Novel Magnetic Torus Microreactors and Laccase Immobilized on Magnetite Nanoparticles

“…FTIR was carried out to confirm the immobilization of laccase on magnetite nanoparticles (laccase-magnetite) ( Figure 2 ). Bare magnetite exhibited two bands at 1620 and 3160 cm −1 related to the vibration of the hydroxyl groups on the surface of the magnetite ν (Fe-OH) [ 39 , 40 ]. Laccase-magnetite nanobiocomposites presented a peak at 3350 cm −1 attributed to the NH stretching vibration of laccase amines and a peak at 1080 cm −1 characteristic of the Si-O-Si bond resulting after silanization [ 39 ].…”