Toxicity of nitrogenous wastes to aquaculture animals

Tomasso, Joseph R.

doi:10.1080/10641269409388560

Cited by 250 publications

(164 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…Das et al (2004) confirmed that a relatively small increase in waterborne NH 3 may cause a large increase in internal ammonia concentration, affecting some physiological functions, for instance diminishing the action of acetylcholinesterase in the brain and liver and reducing levels of hemoglobin and plasma proteins. As a consequence of the cumulative increase in plasma ammonia, some other physiological process could be disturbed, for example pH maintenance, electrolyte balance and general homeostasis (Tomasso, 1994). The increase in waterborne NH 3 was accompanied by a parallel increase in this substance in fish plasma in all treatments after transport, corroborating the relationship presented by Das et al (2004).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Transport of jundiá Rhamdia quelen juveniles at different loading densities: water quality and blood parameters

et al. 2009

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Fish transportation is a common practice on fish farms and is considered to be a stressor that could negatively affect fish health. The objective of this study was to evaluate several physiological responses of stress in jundiá caused by transport at different loading densities. Jundiá juveniles were placed in plastic bags on a mechanical transport simulator for four hours at four different loading densities (75, 150, 250 and 350 g L -1 ) and then transferred to sixteen 80-L plastic boxes for 96 hours after transport. Water samples were collected before and after transport to measure dissolved oxygen, temperature, pH and ammonia levels. Blood samples were taken at departure and arrival, as well as at 24 and 96 hours after transport to monitor cortisol, glucose, ammonia, chloride and hematocrit levels. Water ammonia levels were found to increase gradually as loading densities increased. Plasma ammonia was higher after transport in fish from all treatments. Compared to initial values, substantial increases in plasma cortisol and ammonia levels were detected mainly in those fish submitted to the highest loading density. Blood glucose appeared to be positively influenced by the increase of transport densities. No statistical differences were observed in any of the other blood parameters. The costs in fish culture, as in other animal production systems, must be minimized and fish producers depend on optimal techniques to ensure better profit. Therefore, based on fish survival and the physiological indicators determined in the present study, especially during recovery, the best density at which to transport jundiá in plastic bags for four hours is about 350 g/L.O transporte de peixes é uma prática comum em piscicultura e considerado como um agente estressor que causa efeitos negativos na saúde do peixe. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar algumas respostas fisiológicas de estresse no jundiá causadas pelo transporte em densidades diferentes. Juvenis de jundiá foram transportados em sacos plásticos num simulador de transporte por quatro horas em diferentes densidades (75, 150, 250 e 350 g L -1 ) e transferidos para 16 caixas plásticas de 80 L por 96 horas após o transporte. Amostras de água foram coletadas antes e após o transporte para determinações de oxigênio dissolvido, temperatura, pH e amônia. Além dos momentos da saída e da chegada, amostras de sangue foram retiradas 24 e 96 horas após o transporte para monitorar os níveis de cortisol, glicose, amônia, cloreto e hematócrito. A amônia na água aumentou gradualmente acompanhando o aumento das densidades. A amônia plasmática estava elevada após o transporte nos peixes de todos os tratamentos. Comparando com os valores iniciais, aumentos substanciais nos níveis plasmáticos de cortisol e amônia foram registrados principalmente nos peixes submetidos à densidade de transporte mais elevada. Os níveis glicêmicos parecem ter sido influenciados pelo aumento nas densidades de transporte. Não foram registradas diferenças significativas nos demais parâmetros sanguíneos. O cus...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Transport of jundiá Rhamdia quelen juveniles at different loading densities: water quality and blood parameters

et al. 2009

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“…An increase in the amount of ammonia in the water, followed by an increase in the blood and hemolymph of prawns, will decrease blood oxygen transport and lead to over-consumption of oxygen in the cells, which causes damage to important tissues, including the gills. If prawns remain in an environment containing ammonia, they may experience a quick death depending on the ammonia concentration (Tomasso, 1994).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of astaxanthin on resistance of juvenile prawns Macrobrachium nipponense (Decapoda: Palaemonidae) to physical and chemical stress

Tizkar¹,

Seidavi

Ponce‐Palafox

et al. 2014

RBT

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Abstract:In recent years, the use of new scientific techniques has effectively improved aquaculture production processes. Astaxanthin has various properties in aquaculture and its antioxidant benefits have been closely related to stress resistance; besides, it is an essential factor for growth in many crustaceans and fish. The objective of this study was to evaluate the resistance of prawn (Macrobrachium nipponense) fed diets containing different amounts of astaxanthin (AX) to the shock and stress of different physicochemical environments. A 70-day trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of supplementation of a source of astaxanthin (Carophyll Pink, 10% astaxanthin, w/w, Hoffman-La Roche, Switzerland) at various levels in the diet of M. nipponense juveniles. Four dry diets were prepared: AX 0 without astaxanthin, AX 50 with 50mg/kg, AX 100 with 100mg/kg, and AX 150 with 150mg/kg astaxanthin. The feeding trial was conducted in a recirculation water system consisting of 12 fiberglass tanks (1 000L) used for holding prawns. Three replicate aquaria were initially stocked with 36org/ m 2 per tank. During the trial, prawns were maintained on a 12:12-h light:dark photoperiod with an ordinary incandescent lamp, and the water quality parameters were maintained as follows: water temperature, 25-26°C; salinity, 1g/L; pH, 8.5-8.8; dissolved oxygen, 6.0-6.5mg/L; and ammonia-nitrogen, 0.05mg/L. Incorporation of AX, production output, and physiological condition were recorded after 10 weeks of feeding. At the end of the growing period, the prawns were exposed to thermal shock (0°C), ammonia (0.75mg/L), and reduced oxygen (0.5mg/L). The time to lethargy and the time to complete death of the prawns were recorded. The results showed that control prawns had the shortest time to lethargy and death compared with prawns subjected to the other treatments. The results of this study have shown that the amount of muscle tissue and gill carotenoids in prawn fed with an AX 150 diet showed greater reduction than those exposed to other treatments. It is possible that higher levels of astaxanthin in the body under oxygen reduction stress can be beneficial for prawns. These results suggest that male prawns showed lethargy earlier than females, and the percentage of carotenoid reduction in muscle and gill tissues was higher in males. Rev. Biol. Trop. 62 (4): 1331-1341. Epub 2014 December 01.

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“…Segundo Alabaster e Loyd [1] e Tomasso [30], o pH é a variável ambiental mais importante no controle da toxicidade do nitrogênio amoniacal. Em condições ácidas ou neutra existe uma predominância do íon amônio que não é tóxico e, em condições básicas a amônia livre prevalece no meio, causando toxicidade.…”

Section: Figuraunclassified

Avaliação do potencial tóxico dos resíduos sólidos urbanos da cidade de Campina Grande - PB

Silva¹,

Ribeiro²,

Paiva

et al. 2015

Matéria (Rio J.)

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RESUMOA grande heterogeneidade dos Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos (RSU) faz com que estes apresentem uma composição bastante variável, podendo muitas vezes, serem comparados aos resíduos industriais por possuírem substâncias a bases de metais pesados e outros componentes tóxicos que apresentam riscos a saúde e ao meio ambiente. Assim, a busca por alternativas tecnológicas para manejo adequado dos resíduos e entendimento do seu comportamento após destinação final, tem feito com que cada vez mais estudos sejam desenvolvidos para esse fim. Exemplo disso são os estudos realizados em células experimentais, feitos com o intuito de simular o comportamento de uma célula de aterro sanitário, entendendo todas as reações que ocorrem em seu interior sob condições controladas. O objetivo desse trabalho é avaliar o potencial tóxico dos RSU da cidade de Campina Grande -PB, presentes em uma célula experimental. O experimento consistiu em uma célula experimental dotada de toda instrumentação presente em uma célula de um aterro real. O monitoramento da célula foi feito durante um período de dois anos, sendo realizada a caracterização inicial dos resíduos no dia do seu preenchimento, posteriormente amostras mensais de resíduos foram coletadas. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que os RSU foram classificados como resíduos perigosos, por conterem em sua composição elevados teores de elementos traços como: Alumínio, Manganês e Níquel. Por fim, concluiu-se que a presença desses elementos juntamente com o nitrogênio amoniacal presente nos RSU não interferiu no processo de biodegradação, no entanto contribuiu para o efeito fitotóxico dos resíduos sólidos. Palavras-chave: Fitotoxicidade, Célula experimental, Metais, Nitrogênio Amoniacal ABSTRACTThe great heterogeneity of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) makes it presents a very variable composition and can often be compared to industrial waste substances by having the heavy metal bases and other toxic components that present risks to health and the environment . Thus, the search for alternative technologies for proper waste management and understanding of their behavior after disposal, has made more and more studies are developed for this purpose. Examples are studies in experimental cells, made in order to simulate the behavior of a landfill cell, understanding all the reactions that occur inside under controlled conditions. The aim of this study is to evaluate the toxic potential of MSW in the city of Campina Grande -PB, present in an experimental cell. The experiment consisted on the construction of an experimental cell that simulates a fullscale landfill. The monitoring of the cell was made during a period of 2 years, and held the initial characterization of the waste on the day of its completion later monthly samples of waste were collected. The results showed that the MSW were classified as hazardous waste because they contain in their composition high

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Toxicity of nitrogenous wastes to aquaculture animals

Cited by 250 publications

References 99 publications

Transport of jundiá Rhamdia quelen juveniles at different loading densities: water quality and blood parameters

Transport of jundiá Rhamdia quelen juveniles at different loading densities: water quality and blood parameters

The effect of astaxanthin on resistance of juvenile prawns Macrobrachium nipponense (Decapoda: Palaemonidae) to physical and chemical stress

Avaliação do potencial tóxico dos resíduos sólidos urbanos da cidade de Campina Grande - PB

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