Toxicity of Seven Termiticides on the Formosan and Eastern Subterranean Termites

Mao, Lixin; Henderson, Gregg; Scherer, Clay W.

doi:10.1603/ec11005

Cited by 43 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In another study, Fei and Henderson (2005) found that the formosan subterranean termite exposed to imidacloprid had greater rates of mortality than those exposed to acetamiprid. Mao et al (2011) evaluated the toxicity of seven pesticides including imidacloprid, using both topical application and substrate (sand) treatments to determine the LD 50 and LC 50 against two economically important subterranean termite species; the eastern subterranean termite, Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar), and the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki. The LD 50 rankings for R. flavipes from highest to lowest were: fipronil > bifenthrin > chlorantraniliprole > cyantraniliprole > > imidacloprid > chlorfenapyr > indoxacarb; however, the rankings for C. formosanus were: fipronil > imidacloprid > > chlorantraniliprole > cyanthraniliprole > bifenthrin > > chlorfenapyr > indoxacarb.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential toxicity assessment of novel selected pesticides against sand termite, Psammotermes hypostoma Desneux workers (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) under field conditions in Egypt

Ahmed¹,

Eraky²,

Mohamed³

et al. 2015

Journal of Plant Protection Research

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Abstract:The sand termite, Psammotermes hypostoma Desneux is a major pest in the New Valley Governorate, Egypt. Great efforts have been taken to control the pest. We evaluated the toxicity of four selected neonicotinoids [acetamiprid (20% SP), imidacloprid (20% SL), thiamethoxam (18.6% SC), and thiamethoxam (40% WG)], and one organophosphate pesticide [chlorpyrifos (48% EC)] against P. hypostoma workers. The investigation was done under field conditions, using the palm fronds method. However, the reduction percentages in palm fronds was recorded as the height of the sandy clay formed by termite workers on palm frond surfaces, when the fronds had been treated with a different concentration of each pesticide. The results were recorded after 15, 30, 45, and 60 days. Chlorpyrifos (48% EC) was considered the most potent pesticide among all the pesticides tested, but acetamiprid (20% SP) was considered the most toxic among the neonicotinoid pesticides tested. Moreover, the formulation of thiamethoxam (18.6% SC) was more powerful than thaimethoxam (40% WG). Furthermore, the reduction percentages on palm fronds increased significantly with an increase of the exposure period (from 15 to 60 days), as a result of the surface foraging activity of the sand termite workers. These results are given as unique and encouraging trends in controlling sand termites in Egypt.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential toxicity assessment of novel selected pesticides against sand termite, Psammotermes hypostoma Desneux workers (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) under field conditions in Egypt

Ahmed¹,

Eraky²,

Mohamed³

et al. 2015

Journal of Plant Protection Research

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“…It is also important to note that, compared with colony 2, recipients in colony 1 had signiÞcantly shorter LT 50 and LT 90 regardless of group size. Similarly, Mao et al (2011) observed the colony variation of C. formosanus in response to termiticides including Þpronil. Under certain Þpronil concentration and donorÐrecipient ratio conditions, the group size-dependent mortality of recipients for both colonies indicates that group size is another key factor for Þpronil transfer.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 77%

Horizontal Transfer of Fipronil Is Enhanced With Increased Group Size in <I>Coptotermes formosanus</I> (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)

Wang¹,

Henderson²,

Chen³

et al. 2013

j econ entomol

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Fipronil is a widely used insecticide for termite control. Although transfer of fipronil among termite cohorts has been investigated in previous studies, no study has yet focused on the influence of termite group size (density) on horizontal transfer. In this study, the mortality of donor and recipient Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) was compared among groups of 10, 25, and 50 workers. Most donor termites were dead within 20 h. There was a significantly higher mortality of recipient termites starting at 44 h when in bigger groups. LT50 and LT90 of recipient termites decreased with increase in group size, being significantly shorter in groups of 50 termites compared with groups of 10 termites. Moreover, the variance (within-group difference) of recipient mortality and lethal time estimations was lowest in the groups of 50 termites, indicating a more uniform horizontal transfer of fipronil by termites in bigger groups. Our findings suggest that group size has an influence on fipronil transfer among C. formosanus workers and should be considered as a variable of importance.

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“…However, this premise is not true for all cases, and the toxicity of an insecticide toward a particular pest must be taken into account. Comparatively, the degree of toxicity of chlorantraniliprole toward C. gestroi was fourfold lower than those of C. formosanus and R. flavipes; but the toxicities of bifenthrin, chlo- rfenapyr, Þpronil, and indoxacarb toward the insects (except for C. formosanus) were reportedly comparable (Mao et al 2011, Neoh et al 2012a). Nevertheless, it is worth noting that the current topical toxicity data for C. gestroi are based on measurements taken 24 h postexposure, the amount of termiticide required for an insect to cause 50% mortality of C. gestroi is expected to decrease proportionally as exposure time increases (Neoh et al 2012a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Mortality Patterns in <I>Coptotermes gestroi</I> (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae) Following Horizontal Transfer of Nonrepellent and Repellent Insecticides: Effects of Donor:Recipient Ratio and Exposure Time

Neoh

Yeoh²,

Lee

2014

j econ entomol

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The donor: recipient ratio and the time of donor exposure to termiticide required for maximal toxicant transfer among termites are crucial information for the development of termite management plans. Most of the available information on termiticide toxicity came from temperate zonal termite species, whereas little is known about tropical Asian species. In this study, mortality patterns of recipient termites, Coptotermes gestroi (Wasmann) subjected to seven formulated insecticide exposures under different donor exposure times and donor: recipient ratios were examined. For fipronil, lethal transfer was not affected by donor exposure time but was affected by the mixing ratio. The moderate-to-less toxic termiticides (imidacloprid, indoxacarb, bifenthrin, chlorfenapyr, and chlorantraniliprole) required long exposure time and a high mixing ratio to ensure maximal uptake by recipient workers compared with fipronil. For chlorantraniliprole and chlorfenapyr, donors must constitute > 30% of the donor-recipient mixture to achieve 100% mortality of the recipient workers. Among the termiticides tested, cyantraniliprole was the most fast-killing insecticide against C. gestroi. The potential of lethal transfer among recipient termites does not necessarily require both high donor exposure time and a high mixing ratio, but the toxicity of a given termiticide against termites must be factored in to achieve colony elimination.

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Toxicity of Seven Termiticides on the Formosan and Eastern Subterranean Termites

Cited by 43 publications

References 27 publications

Potential toxicity assessment of novel selected pesticides against sand termite, Psammotermes hypostoma Desneux workers (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) under field conditions in Egypt

Potential toxicity assessment of novel selected pesticides against sand termite, Psammotermes hypostoma Desneux workers (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) under field conditions in Egypt

Horizontal Transfer of Fipronil Is Enhanced With Increased Group Size in <I>Coptotermes formosanus</I> (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)

Mortality Patterns in <I>Coptotermes gestroi</I> (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae) Following Horizontal Transfer of Nonrepellent and Repellent Insecticides: Effects of Donor:Recipient Ratio and Exposure Time

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