Toxicity of silicon carbide whiskers

Birchall, J. D.; Stanley, D. R.; Mockford, M. J.; Pigott, G. H.; Pinto, Patricia J.

doi:10.1007/bf01730738

Cited by 85 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Stanton et al [ 19771 showed that Sic fiber pledgets implanted into the pleural cavities of rats induced a high rate of mesothcliomas. Birchall et al [1988] showed1 that a Sic whisker sample had a cytotoxic activity in one in vitro assay that was similar to that of crocidolite asbestos. Two recent studies involving silicon nitride fibers (which are similar to S i c whiskers) showed that these fibers have a measurable effect on bovine pulmonary macrophages [Fisher et al, 1989a] and on the lung, following intratracheal instillation [Fisher et al, 1989bl.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Lipkin [1980] and Birchall et al [1988] showed that SiCW and crocidolite asbestos had similar in vitro cytotoxicities. These two latter studies were limited in their approach.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Lipkin [ 19801 merely stated that silicon carbide fibers were cytotoxic towards the macrophage-like cell line P388D1. Birchall et al [1988] used a single cell line (V79-4) to determine cytotoxicity only on a mass basis. Gross et al [1968, 19701 showed that rats receiving intratracheal instillations of SiCW formed fermginous bodies, but no significant pulmonary lesions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In vitro activity of silicon carbide whiskers in comparison to other industrial fibers using four cell culture systems

Johnson

Hoover

Thomassen

et al. 1992

American J Industrial Med

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Silicon carbide whiskers (SiCW) and continuous glass filaments are important components of composite materials having potentially widespread use in the automotive, aerospace, and power generation industries. We determined the in vitro activity of three well-characterized samples of silicon carbide whiskers and a continuous glass filament sample in four different cellular assays and compared this to the activities of UICC crocidolite, JM Code 100 glass microfiber, and erionite in the same assay systems. The SiCW had a diameter range of 0.32-0.75 microns and a length range of 4.5-20.1 microns. The SiCW was significantly toxic; on a mass basis, one SiCW sample was more toxic than crocidolite; however, JM Code 100 glass microfiber, which is not toxic in vivo (i.e., it does not cause fibrogenesis or carcinogenesis when inhaled), was also more toxic than crocidolite. The glass filament sample was the least cytotoxic of all the samples tested. On a fiber number basis, all three SiCW samples were more toxic than crocidolite. The results of our study showed that SiCW exhibits significant in vitro biological reactivity. Thus, despite the caution that must be exercised in extrpolating the results of in vitro studies to conclusions about in vivo health effects, SiCW should be considered toxic until further toxicological data are available.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Lipkin [1980] and Birchall et al [1988] showed that SiCW and crocidolite asbestos had similar in vitro cytotoxicities. These two latter studies were limited in their approach.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In vitro activity of silicon carbide whiskers in comparison to other industrial fibers using four cell culture systems

Johnson

Hoover

Thomassen

et al. 1992

American J Industrial Med

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“…The whisker form of SiC was found to be cytotoxic for V79-4 cells whereas particulate SiC is not cytotoxic. 15 It also has been reported that fibrous Si 3 N 4 has a higher cytotoxicity for bovine pulmonary macrophages than does the particulate one. 31 These facts suggest that the fibrous shape is more toxic than spheric one.…”

Section: Effects Of Particle Shape On Cytotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 97%

Cytotoxicity evaluation of ceramic particles of different sizes and shapes

Yamamoto

Honma

Sumita

et al. 2003

J Biomedical Materials Res

184

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When artificial hip or knee joints are implanted in the human body, they release metallic, ceramic, and polymeric debris into the surrounding tissues. The toxicity of the released particles is of two types: chemical, caused by the released soluble ions and monomers, and mechanical, a result of mechanical stimulation produced by the insoluble particles. In this study, the cytotoxicity of particles of TiO2, Al2O3, ZrO2, Si3N4, and SiC for murine fibroblasts and macrophages were examined to evaluate just their mechanical toxicity because these particles are not expected to release soluble metal ions. Different sizes and shapes of TiO2 particles were used to evaluate the effect of size and shape on particle cytotoxicity. The results suggest that the cytotoxicity of ceramic particles does not depend on their chemical species. Cytotoxicity levels were lower than those of corresponding metal ions, indicating that the mechanical toxicity of particles is lower than the chemical toxicity of released soluble ions and monomers. The differences in size did not affect the mechanical toxicity of these particles. The dendritic particles had a higher cytotoxicity level for macrophages than did spindle and spheric particles.

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“…However, two potential drawbacks to the use of whiskers have been identified. Firstly, their presence has a detrimental effect on the densification processes and secondly, they have been shown to be a potential health hazard I- [1][2][3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strengthening and toughening of cordierite by the addition of silicon carbide whiskers, platelets and particles

Wadsworth

Stevens

1991

J Mater Sci

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Cordierite containing silicon carbide of different morphologies has been fabricated to produce composites with superior properties to the unreinforced cordierite. It has been demonstrated that the morphology of the silicon carbide affects the densification and the mechanical properties of the composites they constitute. The densification process was controlled by the degree of mutual contact of the silicon carbide phase within the cordierite matrix and by the rigidity of the resulting networks. The operative toughening mechanisms and their relative contributions were also dependent on the morphology of the silicon carbide. Fracture strength of the composites was governed by the relative contributions of an improvement in fracture toughness and by the magnitude of the critical flaw size.

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Toxicity of silicon carbide whiskers

Cited by 85 publications

References 6 publications

In vitro activity of silicon carbide whiskers in comparison to other industrial fibers using four cell culture systems

In vitro activity of silicon carbide whiskers in comparison to other industrial fibers using four cell culture systems

Cytotoxicity evaluation of ceramic particles of different sizes and shapes

Strengthening and toughening of cordierite by the addition of silicon carbide whiskers, platelets and particles

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