Toxicity Study of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles in Human Neuroblastoma Cells

Abstract

The present study consisted of cytotoxic, genotoxic, and oxidative stress responses of human neuroblastoma cell line (IMR32) following exposure to different doses of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs; nanoceria) and its microparticles (MPs) for 24 hours. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide and lactate dehydrogenase assays whereas genotoxicity was assessed using the cytokinesis-block micronucleus and comet assays. A battery of assays including lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species (ROS), hydrogen peroxide, reduced glutathione, nitric oxide, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione S-transferase were performed to test the hypothesis that ROS was responsible for the toxicity of nanoceria. The results showed that nanosized CeO2 was more toxic than cerium oxide MPs. Hence, further study on safety evaluation of CeO2 NPs on other models is recommended.

Antioxidant and anti-genotoxic properties of cerium oxide nanoparticles in a pulmonary-like cell system

“…Thus, it likely acts as cellular antioxidants in multiple compartments of the cell. The cytotoxicity of these nanoparticles is still controversial since although most of the studies stated no toxic effects of this nanomaterial Hirst et al 2009;Celardo et al 2011), others indicated toxic effects mediated by ROS induction (Park et al 2008;Kumari et al 2014). These discrepancies may be attributed to different CeO 2 -NP properties like size, crystal structure, or surface chemistry, although the protocol of nanomaterial dispersion can also affect the behavior of the nanoparticles (Ould-Moussa et al 2014).…”

Cerium oxide nanoparticles protect against Aβ-induced mitochondrial fragmentation and neuronal cell death

“…51 Although many studies, including the present one, have reported antioxidant and cytoprotective effects of nanoceria, a few studies have provided conflicting data. 37,[52][53][54] Differences in cell types, tissue context, environmental factors and nanoparticle synthesis and concentration might account for these conflicting findings. Indeed, we observed toxicity at micromolar concentrations (Supplementary Figure 2b).…”

Cerium oxide nanoparticles: green synthesis and biological applications

“…90 For example, Kumari et al has shown that the hydrodynamic diameter of CeO 2 -NPs increased dramatically in cell culture media due to the tendency of NPs to agglomerate in physiological conditions. 91 Furthermore, adsorption of proteins in biological fluids, such as blood, could also affect the size and distribution of metal oxide NPs. Generally, smaller sized particles that are free of contamination are suitable for bioapplications.…”