Toxicologic Pathology of the Reproductive System

Woldemeskel, Moges

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-804239-7.00064-0

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 159 publications

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“…No effects, even at high doses, were observed with acetooleins. The effects on the testis closely resembled those seen after feeding rats vitamin E deficient diet (Woldemeskel, ; Zubair, ). The authors thus concluded that the acetostearin effects were due to an effect on vit E levels rather than a direct toxic effect.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Re‐evaluation of acetic acid, lactic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, mono‐ and diacetyltartaric acid, mixed acetic and tartaric acid esters of mono‐ and diglycerides of fatty acids (E 472a‐f) as food additives

Flavourings¹,

Younes²,

Aquilina³

et al. 2020

EFS2

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The Panel on Food Additives and Flavourings (FAF) provided a scientific opinion re‐evaluating the safety of acetic acid, lactic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, mono‐ and diacetyltartaric acids, mixed acetic and tartaric acid esters of mono‐ and diglycerides of fatty acids (E 472a‐f) as food additives. All substances had been previously evaluated by the Scientific Committee for Food (SCF) and by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA). Hydrolysis of E472a,b,c,e was demonstrated in various experimental systems, although the available data on absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion (ADME) were limited. The Panel assumed that E472a‐f are extensively hydrolysed in the GI tract and/or (pre‐)systemically after absorption into their individual hydrolysis products which are all normal dietary constituents and are metabolised or excreted intact. No adverse effects relevant for humans have been identified from the toxicological database available for E472a‐f. The Panel considered that there is no need for a numerical acceptable daily intake (ADI) for E 472a,b,c. The Panel also considered that only l(+)‐tartaric acid has to be used in the manufacturing process of E472d,e,f. The Panel established ADIs for E 472d,e,f based on the group ADI of 240 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day, expressed as tartaric acid, for l(+)‐tartaric acid‐tartrates (E334‐337, 354) and considering the total amount of l(+)‐tartaric acid in each food additive. Exposure estimates were calculated for all food additives individually, except for E 472e and f, using maximum level, refined exposure and food supplements consumers only scenarios. Considering the exposure estimates, there is no safety concern at their reported uses and use levels. In addition, exposure to tartaric acid released from the use of E 472d,e,f was calculated. The Panel also proposed a number of recommendations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Re‐evaluation of acetic acid, lactic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, mono‐ and diacetyltartaric acid, mixed acetic and tartaric acid esters of mono‐ and diglycerides of fatty acids (E 472a‐f) as food additives

Flavourings¹,

Younes²,

Aquilina³

et al. 2020

EFS2

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“…This microenvironment shields the developing cells in seminiferous tubules from obstructing molecules. 26 In rats, ISO has been established to be reprotoxic; 27,28 administration of a high dose of ISO caused statistically significant declines in rat sperm motility, sperm viability, seminiferous tubule thickness, and germinal epithelium. Also, ISO was cytogenotoxic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological, histopathological, and immunohistochemical changes in tissues of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats orally treated with isotretinoin

Khalil,

Alrabie,

Al-Omari

et al. 2024

JDPO

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Isotretinoin (ISO) is the most effective drug prescribed by dermatologists for the treatment of acne vulgaris and other clinical skin cases. A significant obstacle to using ISO is concerns regarding its adverse effect profile. Despite the well-established reproductive toxicity in females, information on the effects on human male fertility is scarce, contradictory, and inconclusive. This study aimed to investigate the potential histological and histochemical effects of ISO. Isotretinoin was administered orally for seven successive days to Sprague Dawley male rats in a 5-20 mg/kg/day dose range. Standard histological and immunohistochemical techniques were used to evaluate ISO side effects. High doses of ISO led to infiltration of inflammatory cells in hepatic tissues, atrophy of the kidney glomeruli, and collapse of testicular compartments. Decreased E2F4 production was positively correlated to a reduced rate of spermatogenesis. The findings provide further evidence for ISO's cytotoxic and reprotoxic potencies. These effects are probably partly due to slowing down the expression of an E2F4 transcription factor. The dysregulated gene may play an essential role in spermatogenesis. The diagnostic value of the E2F4 gene needs to be further validated by different proteomics approaches, and its precise role in spermatogenesis needs to be investigated.

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“…Reproductive organ weight is an important index to indicate the weight changes for physiological and pathological status as the changes in reproductive organs weight could influence the function of that organs. For example, the changes in the testicular weights reflect changes in seminiferous tubules where its reduction or addition indicate a significant decline or increment in sperm production ( Elangovan et al 2006 ; Woldemeskel 2017 ). In this study, no significant differences were seen in reproductive organs weight between the treated and control groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Karas (Aquilaria malaccensis) on Male Reproductive Organs and Sperm Quality in Adult Sprague Dawley Rats

Zaidi

Haron

Komilus

et al. 2023

tlsr

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Reproductive health and male fertility are closely related to dietary practices. In recent years, Malaysia has shown a lot of interest in using herbal plants as dietary supplements or in the treatment of numerous diseases. Aquilaria malaccensis, commonly known as karas or gaharu, has recently gained attention for its potential to cure many diseases due to its pharmacological properties. However, studies on its effect on male fertility and reproductive organs are very scarce. This study was conducted to determine the effect of A. malaccensis on male reproductive organs’ weight (testis, epididymis, prostate gland and seminal vesicle) and sperm quality (sperm count, sperm morphology and sperm motility) in adult Sprague Dawley rats. Twenty-four male Sprague Dawley rats were allocated into four treatment groups; Control (C: 1 mL of distilled water, n = 6), Treatment 1 (T1: 1 g A. malaccensis/kg body weight, n = 6), Treatment 2 (T2: 2 g A. malaccensis/kg body weight, n = 6) and Treatment 3 (T3: 3 g A. malaccensis/kg body weight, n = 6), respectively. Distilled water and A. malaccensis were administered by oral gavage once daily for 28 days. The rats were euthanised on Day 29 for assessment of reproductive organs’ weight and sperm quality. Result shows that weight of testis, epididymis, prostate gland, seminal vesicle and sperm motility did not differ (p > 0.05) among control and treated groups. A significant increase (p < 0.05) of sperm number (1.36 × 10??) and a decrease (p < 0.05) in percentage of the abnormal sperm (8.17%) were observed in T1 group when compared to Control group. Incremental dosage of A. malaccensis seemed to decrease number of sperm (T3: 0.78 × 10?? < T1: 1.36 × 10?? with p < 0.05) and increase percentage of abnormal sperm (T3: 18.83% > T2: 12.17% > T1: 8.17% with p < 0.05). In conclusion, the administration of either 1, 2 or 3 grams of A. malaccensis did not alter the reproductive organs’ weight and sperm motility. However, the higher concentration of A. malaccensis consumed by the rats seemed to have detrimental effects on the number and morphology of sperm.

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Toxicologic Pathology of the Reproductive System

Cited by 13 publications

References 159 publications

Re‐evaluation of acetic acid, lactic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, mono‐ and diacetyltartaric acid, mixed acetic and tartaric acid esters of mono‐ and diglycerides of fatty acids (E 472a‐f) as food additives

Re‐evaluation of acetic acid, lactic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, mono‐ and diacetyltartaric acid, mixed acetic and tartaric acid esters of mono‐ and diglycerides of fatty acids (E 472a‐f) as food additives

Morphological, histopathological, and immunohistochemical changes in tissues of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats orally treated with isotretinoin

Effect of Karas (Aquilaria malaccensis) on Male Reproductive Organs and Sperm Quality in Adult Sprague Dawley Rats

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