Toxicologic pathology of the reproductive system

Woldemeskel, Moges

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-89773-0.00064-3

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 158 publications

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“…No effects, even at high doses, were observed with acetooleins. The effects on the testis closely resembled those seen after feeding rats vitamin E deficient diet (Woldemeskel, ; Zubair, ). The authors thus concluded that the acetostearin effects were due to an effect on vit E levels rather than a direct toxic effect.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Re‐evaluation of acetic acid, lactic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, mono‐ and diacetyltartaric acid, mixed acetic and tartaric acid esters of mono‐ and diglycerides of fatty acids (E 472a‐f) as food additives

Flavourings¹,

Younes²,

Aquilina³

et al. 2020

EFS2

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The Panel on Food Additives and Flavourings (FAF) provided a scientific opinion re‐evaluating the safety of acetic acid, lactic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, mono‐ and diacetyltartaric acids, mixed acetic and tartaric acid esters of mono‐ and diglycerides of fatty acids (E 472a‐f) as food additives. All substances had been previously evaluated by the Scientific Committee for Food (SCF) and by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA). Hydrolysis of E472a,b,c,e was demonstrated in various experimental systems, although the available data on absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion (ADME) were limited. The Panel assumed that E472a‐f are extensively hydrolysed in the GI tract and/or (pre‐)systemically after absorption into their individual hydrolysis products which are all normal dietary constituents and are metabolised or excreted intact. No adverse effects relevant for humans have been identified from the toxicological database available for E472a‐f. The Panel considered that there is no need for a numerical acceptable daily intake (ADI) for E 472a,b,c. The Panel also considered that only l(+)‐tartaric acid has to be used in the manufacturing process of E472d,e,f. The Panel established ADIs for E 472d,e,f based on the group ADI of 240 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day, expressed as tartaric acid, for l(+)‐tartaric acid‐tartrates (E334‐337, 354) and considering the total amount of l(+)‐tartaric acid in each food additive. Exposure estimates were calculated for all food additives individually, except for E 472e and f, using maximum level, refined exposure and food supplements consumers only scenarios. Considering the exposure estimates, there is no safety concern at their reported uses and use levels. In addition, exposure to tartaric acid released from the use of E 472d,e,f was calculated. The Panel also proposed a number of recommendations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Re‐evaluation of acetic acid, lactic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, mono‐ and diacetyltartaric acid, mixed acetic and tartaric acid esters of mono‐ and diglycerides of fatty acids (E 472a‐f) as food additives

Flavourings¹,

Younes²,

Aquilina³

et al. 2020

EFS2

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“…(FRS) maybe affected by different toxicants that may in turn induce direct or indirect adverse outcomes. Certain chemicals digested and bio-transformed locally into toxic free radicals, whereas others cause toxic damage through hormonal regulation (19) .DS is one of the most commonly used NSAIDs among women of reproductive age for the management of a range of women's illnesses, including dysmenorrhea and menorrhagia (20) . Chronic use and abuse of NSAIDs may lead to an unexpected effect on FRS, from this the current work was intended to explain how the sub-chronic use of DS affected the female reproductive system in rats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subchronic effect of different doses ofDiclofenac Sodium on female reproductive system in rats.

Salim¹,

AL-Moziel

Jaccob

2023

IJPS

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NSAIDs are widely utilized drugs in today's world. These medications are well-known for their anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. The goal of this study was to suggest and explain the subchronic effects of low and high doses of diclofenac on female reproductive system in rats. A total of 24 female rats were divided into 4 groups, six rats in each. The first group was given distilled water as a control, the second and third groups were given diclofenac (1 mg/kg) and(5 mg/kg) respectively. The fourth group was given a combination of diclofenac and mefenamic acid for 35 days. Hormonal, biochemical, and hematological tests were performed. Low dose diclofenac showed no significant change regarding PGE2, LH, progesterone, prolactin, and glutathione, but an increase in FSH, and decrease in estrogen compared to control group were documented. In contrast, high dose diclofenac alone or combined with mefenamic acid showed significant impact on female reproductive system documented by biochemical and histopathological evaluations. At hematological levels diclofenac decrease RBC,HGB, and platelet account but no change in the total WBC were found. Sub-chronic use of DS alone or in combination with mefenamic acid have a deleterious impact on the female reproductive system, oxidative stress and hematological parametersKeywords:NSAIDs, diclofenac sodium, female reproductive toxicity, hematologic.

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“…In our study, we reported numerous pale cytoplasmic vacuoles in SCs, after repeated dosing of rats with DOX. Agents that produce testicular atrophy, such as DOX, following cyclic dose administration are known to cause SC vacuolation after exposure onset (Woldemeskel, 2017). The formation of vacuoles is an indicator of inner cell change (Lenk & Meisler, 2014) and reveals a survival response to microenvironmental modifications, that may activate cell death (Henics & Wheatley, 1999) and affect cell cycle and migration (Morissette et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo exposure to a new 2‐cyano‐2‐ p ‐nitrophenyl‐ N ‐benzylthioamide decreases doxorubicin‐triggered structural damages in the mature testis

et al. 2022

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The use of doxorubicin (DOX) in clinical practice continues to be challenged by its severe toxicity. DOX cytotoxic activity is not only directed against malignant tumours, given that the treatment will damage healthy tissues as well leading to irreversible injuries. This study aimed to address the in vivo effects of DOX and its co‐administration with a new analog of thioamide; thiocyanoacetamide (TA) on the germinal epithelium. Thus, male rats received either intravenous injection (iv) of 0.03 mg/kg of body weight/week, 0.9% NaCl and were regarded as the control group (CTR), treated with DOX (3.7 mg/kg/week iv), TA [10 mg/kg/day intragastrically (ig)] or a co‐supplementation of DOX and TA. After 50 days, the left testes were dissected and used for toluidine blue, periodic acid‐Schiff (PAS) staining (to evaluate the change in polysaccharides/glycoproteins content), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (to assess the morphological damages). To estimate the impact of the test compounds on mitochondrial biogenesis, the expression of NAD‐dependent deacetylase sirtuin‐3 (SIRT‐3) and proliferator‐activated receptor gamma coactivator 1‐alpha (PGC‐1α) were evaluated by immunofluorescence. Apoptotic cells were observed using Hoechst 33324 fluorescent staining. Data showed testicular injuries in the DOX‐treated group, manifested by a significant decrease in total germ cell (GC) number, alteration of Sertoli cell (SC) nucleolus, anchoring junction, along with modifications of the basement membrane (BM) regularity and increase in apoptotic cell count. Mitochondrial aspect and SIRT‐3 and PGC‐1α expression in the testis were unaffected by the DOX. Co‐therapy increased GC number, decreased apoptotic cell count, and restored the BM and anchoring junction regular aspects. This study provides novel insights into understanding DOX‐mediated impairment in rats' testis and might offer some basis for the emerging new alternative therapeutic schemes in male patients undergoing chemotherapy.

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Toxicologic pathology of the reproductive system

Cited by 6 publications

References 158 publications

Re‐evaluation of acetic acid, lactic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, mono‐ and diacetyltartaric acid, mixed acetic and tartaric acid esters of mono‐ and diglycerides of fatty acids (E 472a‐f) as food additives

Re‐evaluation of acetic acid, lactic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, mono‐ and diacetyltartaric acid, mixed acetic and tartaric acid esters of mono‐ and diglycerides of fatty acids (E 472a‐f) as food additives

Subchronic effect of different doses ofDiclofenac Sodium on female reproductive system in rats.

In vivo exposure to a new 2‐cyano‐2‐ p ‐nitrophenyl‐ N ‐benzylthioamide decreases doxorubicin‐triggered structural damages in the mature testis

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