Toxicological and cytotoxic evaluation of standardized extracts of Galphimia glauca

Antioxidant capacity and toxicological evaluation ofPterospartum tridentatumflower extracts

“…Several synthetic drugs, such as metformin, guanidine or aspirin, are plant based active compounds previously extracted from medicinal plants (Mueller & Jungbauer, 2009;Petlevski, Hadzija, Slijepcevic, & Juretic, 2001). Only recently, investigation on toxicological effects of some medicinal plants has started (Aguilar-Santamarı´a et al, 2007;De´ciga-Campos et al, 2007); however, for most plants, their potential toxicological effects remain poorly characterized (Jordan, Cunningham, & Marles, 2010).…”

New anxiolytic phytopharmaceutical elaborated with the standardized extract of Galphimia glauca

“…The data indicated that the three extracts from Galphimia glauca did not induce cytotoxicity on the cell lines derived from nasopharyngeal tissue (KB), uterus (UISO), and ovary (OVCAR-5), in which the EC 50 was <2 µg/ml. The cytotoxic effect was only apparent with the colon line (HCT-15), in which ED 50 values were 0.63, 0.50, and 1.99 µg/ml for the ethanolic, methanolic, and aqueous extracts, respectively (Aguilar-Santamaría et al, 2007). Another safety parameter was evaluated by means of the genotoxicity technique in the peripheral lymphocytes of healthy volunteers; the cells were cultured with increasing concentrations of G. glauca extracts and the results were compared with the negative (saline solution at 0.9%) and the positive control (cyclophosphamide, 0.025 µl/ml).…”

“…Determination of the possible toxic effects of this medicinal species was conducted with different extracts with the purpose of conciliating, on the one hand, the greatest efficacy of the extract with the least number of side effects, or, in the best of cases, the absence of the latter (Aguilar-Santamaría et al, 2007). After oral administration of the 2.5 g/kg dose of the aqueous, methanolic, and ethanolic extracts of G. glauca in a 28-day daily scheme to Balb-C mice of both genders, it was performed an evaluation on the liver, due to that administration via oral route ensures the passage of this phytopharmaceuticals through this organ by means of the portal circulation.…”

“…Dehydration was also observed, as a consequence of treatment, which can be associated with a possible non-quantified diuretic effect, while it cannot be associated with diarrheic evacuations. These changes can be due to a potent depressor effect of the CNS produced by the prolonged administration time of the extracts at doses as high as 2.5 g/kg (Aguilar-Santamaría et al, 2007). The therapeutic safety of the extracts of Galphimia glauca was also analyzed through the cytotoxicity technique on cell lines cultured in vitro as follows: colon cancer (HCT-15); uterine cervix cancer (UISO); human nasopharyngeal cancer (KB), and ovarian cancer (OVACAR-5).…”

“…The culture was maintained for 72 h under standard maintenance conditions; at the end, a smear was carried out that stained with Wright stain and these were observed under the microscope (Perry & Wolf, 1974) in order to observe the sister chromatids and the presence of micronuclei; 10,000 lymphocytes were evaluated under the optical microscope with criteria defined by Fenech (2000). The data indicate that under this design, none of the extracts caused a genotoxic effect (Aguilar-Santamaría et al, 2007). The content of Galphamines was quantified in each of the three extracts ( …”