Toxicological insights of Spike fragments SARS-CoV-2 by exposure environment: A threat to aquatic health?

Charlie-Silva, Ives; Araújo, Amanda P.C.; Guimarães, Abraão Tiago Batista; Veras, Flávio P.; Braz, Helyson Lucas Bezerra; Pontes, Letícia Gomes de; Jorge, Roberta Jeane Bezerra; Belo, Marco Antônio de Andrade; Fernandes, Bianca Helena Ventura; Nóbrega, Rafael Henrique; Galdino, Giovane; Condino‐Neto, Antônio; Galindo-Villegas, Jorge; Machado-Santelli, Gláucia Maria; Sanches, Paulo Ricardo da Silva; Rezende, Rafael M.; Cilli, Eduardo Maffud; Malafaia, Guilherme

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126463

Cited by 28 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…Mechanistically, an analysis of transcriptome changes observed in different data sets from blood cells, lung biopsies or leukocytes from healthy subjects and COVID-19 patients showed that there is a significant upregulation of pro-oxidant genes, principally the myeloperoxidase and calprotectin genes [ 84 ]. Another study found that the peptides derived from the S protein of SARS-CoV-2 increased the levels of nitrites, hydrogen peroxide and reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as upregulated the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in a tadpole model [ 85 ], indicating that the S protein itself can induce oxidative stress in animals. Altogether, these studies suggest that oxidative stress plays an important role in COVID-19 pathogenesis, and all of these clinical observations require mechanistic research follow up.…”

Section: Potential Indirect Mechanisms Of Sars-cov-2 Induced Dna Damage: Aberrant Inflammation Immune Response and Oxidative Damagementioning

confidence: 99%

The potential role of COVID-19 in the induction of DNA damage

Pánico

Ostrosky‐Wegman

Salazar

2022

Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research

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The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is challenging global health and economic systems. In some individuals, COVID-19 can cause a wide array of symptoms, affecting several organs, such as the lungs, heart, bowels, kidneys and brain, causing multiorgan failure, sepsis and death. These effects are related in part to direct viral infection of these organs, immunological deregulation, a hypercoagulatory state and the potential for development of cytokine storm syndrome. Since the appearance of COVID-19 is recent, the long-term effects on the health of recovered patients remain unknown. In this review, we focused on current evidence of the mechanisms of DNA damage mediated by coronaviruses. Data supports that these viruses can induce DNA damage, genomic instability, and cell cycle deregulation during their replication in mammalian cells. Since the induction of DNA damage and aberrant DNA repair mechanisms are related to the development of chronic diseases such as cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, and atherosclerosis, it will be important to address similar effects and outcomes in recovered COVID-19 patients.

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Section: Potential Indirect Mechanisms Of Sars-cov-2 Induced Dna Damage: Aberrant Inflammation Immune Response and Oxidative Damagementioning

confidence: 99%

The potential role of COVID-19 in the induction of DNA damage

Pánico

Ostrosky‐Wegman

Salazar

2022

Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research

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“… Guo et al (2021) have reported the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on marine animals through analysis of the biophysical hydrodynamic model and justified that in winter due to long persistence and long-distance migration there is a high chance of pathogenic contamination. Audino et al (2021) and Charlie-Silva et al (2021) have supported the hypothesis of potential susceptibility of different aquatic animals infection by SARS-CoV-2 through binding strength analysis of ACE-2 receptor and evaluation of biomarkers (synthesized SARS-CoV-2 spike protein peptides). Thus, after the MahaKumbh festival, the contaminated water from the ceremonial sites may prove even more detrimental to the Dolphin population than before.…”

mentioning

confidence: 77%

Mega festivals like MahaKumbh, a largest mass congregation, facilitated the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to humans and endangered animals via contaminated water

Patel

Mukherjee

Leifels

et al. 2021

International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health

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Our surrounding environment has been influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic situation. The second wave of COVID-19 in India has proven to be more devastating and aggressive than the first wave of the pandemic, which led to recognizing India as one of the world's topmost worst-hit nations considering >4000 fatalities reported in a single day in May 2021. Such “resurgence and acceleration” of COVID-19 transmission has been fuelled by the MahaKumbh festival and political mass gathering (elections rallies) events, where the COVID-19 protocols have been ignored by millions of pilgrims/followers. The present review discusses only the consequences of this year's MahaKumbh festivals, the largest religious mass gathering on earth, which was held during the COVID-19 pandemic in India, and its impact on both the spread of SARS-CoV-2 among participants and their families and its influence on the quality of the river Ganga. This article tries to give readers outside of India an overview of how much impact of any such single large gathering of any relgion in any part of the world can drive coronavirus infections and effectively commence the second/third wave outbreak with this case study. Furthermore, the religious large scale celebration are widely accepted through out the world that have played a significant role in the spread of the pandemic into remote villages and towns all over the subcontinent/world, thus affecting many areas with insufficient healthcare facilities that have been relatively spared. This review also highlights the potential risk of transmission from infected humans into the aquatic environment of the river Ganga. Besides the obvious relevance of SARS-CoV-2, a large variety of other water-related disease vectors (bacteria, viruses, and protozoa) stemming from visitors to the religious congregation were introduced into the upstream regions of the Ganga river. Their sheer number is assumed to have had a severe influence on its delicate ecosystem, including endangered mammals such as the river Dolphins. The detailed epidemiological and clinical study on transmission routes of SARS-CoV-2 is the need of the hour to understand the pathogenesis of RNA virus infection and prevent the massive spreading of such infectious respiratory diseases. An interdisciplinary approach, rooted in evidence-based efficient learning, contextual strategies, and a streamlined unified approach should be adopted to help in the development of a proactive prevention model during future MahaKumbh festival (and similar religious gatherings) instead of just “picking up the pieces” in a conventional post-event model.

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“…The PEP2003 was synthesized according to the literature. 20 The lyophilized powder was resuspended in PBS at distinct concentrations (20.0, 40.0, and 80.0 ng mL –1 ). The biological samples and human serum were acquired from the Cell Bank of Rio de Janeiro (BCRJ, Brazil).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modular Label-Free Electrochemical Biosensor Loading Nature-Inspired Peptide toward the Widespread Use of COVID-19 Antibody Tests

et al. 2022

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Limitations of the recognition elements in terms of synthesis, cost, availability, and stability have impaired the translation of biosensors into practical use. Inspired by nature to mimic the molecular recognition of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 S protein antibody (Ab S ) by the S protein binding site, we synthesized the peptide sequence of Asn-Asn-Ala-Thr-Asn-COOH (abbreviated as PEP2003) to create COVID-19 screening label-free (LF) biosensors based on a carbon electrode, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The PEP2003 is easily obtained by chemical synthesis, and it can be adsorbed on electrodes while maintaining its ability for Ab S recognition, further leading to a sensitivity 3.4-fold higher than the full-length S protein, which is in agreement with the increase in the target-to-receptor size ratio. Peptide-loaded LF devices based on noncovalent immobilization were developed by affording fast and simple analyses, along with a modular functionalization. From studies by molecular docking, the peptide–Ab S binding was found to be driven by hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. Moreover, the peptide is not amenable to denaturation, thus addressing the trade-off between scalability, cost, and robustness. The biosensor preserves 95.1% of the initial signal for 20 days when stored dry at 4 °C. With the aid of two simple equations fitted by machine learning (ML), the method was able to make the COVID-19 screening of 39 biological samples into healthy and infected groups with 100.0% accuracy. By taking advantage of peptide-related merits combined with advances in surface chemistry and ML-aided accuracy, this platform is promising to bring COVID-19 biosensors into mainstream use toward straightforward, fast, and accurate analyses at the point of care, with social and economic impacts being achieved.

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Toxicological insights of Spike fragments SARS-CoV-2 by exposure environment: A threat to aquatic health?

Cited by 28 publications

References 110 publications

The potential role of COVID-19 in the induction of DNA damage

The potential role of COVID-19 in the induction of DNA damage

Mega festivals like MahaKumbh, a largest mass congregation, facilitated the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to humans and endangered animals via contaminated water

Modular Label-Free Electrochemical Biosensor Loading Nature-Inspired Peptide toward the Widespread Use of COVID-19 Antibody Tests

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