Toxicology of nanoparticles

Elsaesser, Andreas; Howard, C. Vyvyan

doi:10.1016/j.addr.2011.09.001

Cited by 775 publications

(457 citation statements)

References 129 publications

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“…Nanoparticles can easily cross the cell 1 3 membranes and interact with intracellular metabolism [13]. ROS formation is one of the mechanisms for nanoparticle toxicity [14,15]. Interaction of nanoparticles with cells induces pro-oxidant effects leading to ROS generation, mitochondrial respiration and NADPH-dependent enzyme systems [16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro and in vivo toxicity assessment of nanoparticles

2017

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Nanotechnology has revolutionized gene therapy, diagnostics and environmental remediation. Their bulk production, uses and disposal have posed threat to the environment. With the appearance of these nanoparticles in the environment, their toxicity assessment is an immediate concern. This review is an attempt to summarize the major techniques used in cytotoxity determination. The review also presents a detailed and elaborative discussion on the toxicity imposed by different types of nanoparticles including carbon nanotubes, gold nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles, quantum dots, fullerenes, aluminium nanoparticles, zinc nanoparticles, iron nanoparticles, titanium nanoparticles and silica nanoparticles. It discusses the in vitro and in vivo toxological effects of nanoparticles on bacteria, microalgae, zebrafish, crustacean, fish, rat, mouse, pig, guinea pig, human cell lines and human. It also discusses toxological effects on organs such as liver, kidney, spleen, sperm, neural tissues, liver lysosomes, spleen macrophages, glioblastoma cells, hematoma cells and various mammalian cell lines. It provides information about the effects of nanoparticles on the gene-expression, growth and reproduction of the organisms.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro and in vivo toxicity assessment of nanoparticles

2017

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“…Moreover, C n H − (n=2, 4,6,8) are also evident. These clusters originate from the saturated carbon chains of the dodecanethiol.…”

Section: Boundariesmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…T he uniqueness of nanoparticles (NPs) attributed to their properties not found in bulk size is widely documented [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Characterization with mass spectrometry is crucial for advancing a nuanced understanding of NP functionalities [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mass Spectrometry of Nanoparticles is Different

Liang

Eller

Verkhoturov

et al. 2015

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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Abstract. Secondary ion mass spectrometry, SIMS, is a method of choice for the characterization of nanoparticles, NPs. For NPs with large surface-to-volume ratios, heterogeneity is a concern. Assays should thus be on individual nano-objects rather than an ensemble of NPs; however, this may be difficult or impossible. This limitation can be side-stepped by probing a large number of dispersed NPs one-by-one and recording the emission from each NP separately. A large collection of NPs will likely contain subsets of like-NPs. The experimental approach is to disperse the NPs and hit an individual NP with a single massive cluster (e.g., C-60, Au-400). At impact energies of~1keV/atom, they generate notable secondary ion (SI) emission. Examination of small NPs (≤20nm in diameter) shows that the SI emission is sizedependent and impacts are not all equivalent. Accurate identification of the type of impact is key for qualitative assays of core or outer shell composition. For quantitative assays, the concept of effective impacts is introduced. Selection of co-emitted ejecta combined with rejection (anticoincidence) of substrate ions allows refining chemical information within the projectile interaction volume. Last, to maximize the SI signal, small NPs (≤5nm in diameter) can be examined in the transmission mode where the SI yields are enhanced~10-fold over those in the (conventional) reflection direction. Future endeavors should focus on schemes acquiring SIs, electrons, and photons concurrently.

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“…Additionally, QDs have been shown to remain in major organs for months after injection producing immunogenic reactions in vivo [352][353][354][355]. Iodinated agents are also less than ideal because of their biological toxicity and short circulation time in vivo [356][357][358].…”

Section: Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controllable Cobalt Oxide/Au Hierarchically Nanostructured Electrode for Nonenzymatic Glucose Sensing

2016

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By electrodeposition and galvanic replacement reaction, we developed a facile, time-saving, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly, two-step synthesis route to obtain a controllable cobalt oxide/Au hierarchically nanostructured electrode for glucose sensing. The nanomaterials were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, energy-dispersive spectrometry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, meanwhile, the sensing performance was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and amperometric response. The results revealed that this novel electrode exhibited excellent electrocatalytic performance toward glucose oxidation, with a wide double-linear range from 0.2 μM to 20 mM and a low detection limit of 0.1 μM based on a signal-to-noise ratio of 3, which was mainly attributed to the ability of loading a small amount of Au with good electron conductivity on the surface of cobalt oxide nanosheets with large active surface area and synergistic electrocatalytic activity of Au and cobalt oxide toward glucose electrooxidation. This facile, sensitive, and selective glucose sensor is also proven to be suitable for the detection of glucose in human serum.

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Toxicology of nanoparticles

Cited by 775 publications

References 129 publications

In vitro and in vivo toxicity assessment of nanoparticles

In vitro and in vivo toxicity assessment of nanoparticles

Mass Spectrometry of Nanoparticles is Different

Controllable Cobalt Oxide/Au Hierarchically Nanostructured Electrode for Nonenzymatic Glucose Sensing

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