Toxins of<i>Vibrio Parahæmolyticus</i>and<i>Æromonas Hydrophila</i>

Ljungh, Åsa; Wadström, Torkel

doi:10.3109/15569548209019477

Cited by 53 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 180 publications

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“…Among the biological activities associated with purified toxin are: elicitation of vascular permeability at the site of injury, edema, and necrotic and lethal activities. These properties are consistent with some of the pathological features associated with Aeromonas infections, i.e., local edema, tissue necrosis, septicemia, and mortality (20).…”

supporting

confidence: 68%

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Cloning, expression, and mapping of the Aeromonas hydrophila aerolysin gene determinant in Escherichia coli K-12

Chakraborty¹,

Huhle²,

Bergbauer³

et al. 1986

J Bacteriol

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DNA sequences corresponding to the aerolysin gene (aer) of Aeromonas hydrophila AH2 DNA were identified by screening a cosmid gene library for hemolytic and cytotoxic activities. A plasmid containing a 5.8-kilobase EcoRI fragment of A. hydrophila DNA was required for full expression of the hemolytic and cytotoxic phenotype in Escherichia coli K-12. Deletion analysis and transposon mutagenesis allowed us to localize the gene product to 1.4 kilobases of Aeromonas DNA and define flanking DNA regions affecting aerolysin production. The reduced hemolytic activity with plasmids lacking these flanking regions is associated with a temporal delay in the appearance of hemolytic activity and is not a result of a loss of transport functions. The aerolysin gene product was detected as a 54,000-dalton protein in E. coli maxicells harboring aer plasmids and by immunoblotting E. coli whole cells carrying aer plasmids. We suggest that the gene coding aerolysin be designated aerA and that regions downstream and upstream of aerA which modulate its expression and activity be designated aerB and aerC, respectively.

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supporting

confidence: 68%

“…Many strains of this species have been shown to elaborate various exotoxins, including two hemolysins, one of which is a cytotoxic hemolysin (aerolysin), enterotoxin, and proteases (20). Although a number of these toxins have been isolated and biochemically characterized, their roles in the pathogenesis of Aeromonas infection remain largely unknown.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cloning, expression, and mapping of the Aeromonas hydrophila aerolysin gene determinant in Escherichia coli K-12

Chakraborty¹,

Huhle²,

Bergbauer³

et al. 1986

J Bacteriol

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“…Furthermore, the mutant strain still showed partial fluid accumulation in rabbit ileal loops, suggesting that additional unknown virulence factors may be involved in the pathogenicity of the strain (Park et al, 2004). Several in vivo or in vitro models have been used to assess the distinct effects of pathogenicity such as cytotoxicity and enterotoxicity (Ljungh & Wadstrom, 1982;Miyamoto et al, 1980;Takeda, 1982;Nishibuchi et al, 1992;Park et al, 2004). However, comparison of the cumulative virulence of V. parahaemolyticus strains has been difficult to assess.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TRH has a more dominant role in cytotoxicity (Honda & Iida, 1993;Nishibuchi et al, 1992;Park et al, 2004). The rabbit or rat ileal loop model has been traditionally used to detect fluid accumulation due to the enterotoxic activity of TDH in vivo (Ljungh & Wadstrom, 1982;Miyamoto et al, 1980;Takeda, 1982). Sequencing of the genome of V. parahaemolyticus RIMD2210633, a tdh+ strain, identified the presence of two type 3 secretion systems (T3SSs), T3SS1 and T3SS2 (Makino et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zebrafish as a model for Vibrio parahaemolyticus virulence

et al. 2013

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Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a Gram-negative, naturally occurring marine bacterium. Subpopulations of strains belonging to this species cause an acute self-limiting gastroenteritis in humans and, less commonly, wound infections. In vivo models to differentiate avirulent and virulent strains and evaluate the pathogenic potential of strains of this species have been largely focused on the presence of known virulence factors such as the thermostable direct haemolysin (TDH), the TDH-related haemolysin (TRH) or the contributions of the type 3 secretion systems. However, virulence is likely to be multifactorial, and additional, yet to be identified factors probably contribute to virulence in this bacterium. In this study, we investigated an adult zebrafish model to assess the overall virulence of V. parahaemolyticus strains. The model could detect differences in the virulence potential of strains when animals were challenged intraperitoneally, based on survival time. Differences in survival were noted irrespective of the source of isolation of the strain (environmental or clinical) and regardless of the presence or absence of the known virulence factors TDH and TRH, suggesting the influence of additional virulence factors. The model was also effective in comparing differences in virulence between the wild-type V. parahaemolyticus strain RIMD2210633 and isogenic pilin mutants DpilA and DmshA, a double mutant DpilA : DmshA, as well as a putative chitin-binding protein mutant, DgbpA.

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“…Unlike those of P. aeruginosa (4, 23), hemolysin and phospholipase C activities of V. parahaemolyticus were found to be separate. Mutants lacking hemolysin activity were not affected in the production of phospholipase C. Hemolysin activity has been implicated as an important virulence factor of V. parahaemolyticus (7,30,36), and a thermostable direct and a thermolabile hemolysin have been cloned (26,39 sents a distinct hemolysin. We are interested in studying the influence of environmental signals such as phosphate limitation on the expression of virulence gene products.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphate regulation of gene expression in Vibrio parahaemolyticus

McCarter¹,

Silverman²

1987

J Bacteriol

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The synthesis of a major outer membrane protein, OmpP, in Vibrio parahaemolyticus was induced by growth in media deficient in phosphate. The gene, ompP, encoding this protein was cloned. Synthesis of OmpP in Escherichia coli was regulated by the availability of phosphate, and this control required the function of pho regulatory genes of E. coli. Analysis of gene fusion strains constructed by mutagenesis with transposon mini-Mulux revealed that ompP was transcriptionally regulated in V. parahaemolyticus. Impaired growth of a strain with an ompP defect was observed in media which contained large linear polyphosphates as the phosphate source. This and other evidence suggested that OmpP functions as a porin channel for the entry of phosphate into the cell. A number of other proteins or activities were induced by phosphate limitation including hemolysin, phospholipase C, and phosphatase activities. A regulatory locus controlling expression of phosphate-regulated genes was identified and cloned. This regulatory locus cloned from V. parahaemolyticus was shown to complement E. coli strains with defects in pho regulatory genes.

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Toxins ofVibrio ParahæmolyticusandÆromonas Hydrophila

Cited by 53 publications

References 180 publications

Cloning, expression, and mapping of the Aeromonas hydrophila aerolysin gene determinant in Escherichia coli K-12

Cloning, expression, and mapping of the Aeromonas hydrophila aerolysin gene determinant in Escherichia coli K-12

Zebrafish as a model for Vibrio parahaemolyticus virulence

Phosphate regulation of gene expression in Vibrio parahaemolyticus

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