Toxins Produced by Benthic Dinoflagellates

Yasumoto, Takeshi; Seino, Naoko; Murakami, Yasutaka; Murata, Michio

doi:10.2307/1541612

Cited by 201 publications

(149 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Okadaic acid was initially isolated and characterized from the sponges Halichondria okadai and H. melanodocia (Tachibana et al, 1981). However, the source of OA and its analogs is now accepted as stemming from dinoflagellates belonging to the genera Prorocentrum and Dinophysis (Yasumoto et al, 1987;Zhou and Fritz, 1994;McLachlan et al, 1997).…”

Section: Okadaic Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Okadaic acid acts as a potent inhibitor of protein phosphatases (Yasumoto et al, 1987) and as a result has emerged as a valuable tool for the study of phosphorylationbased processes of cellular signaling (Douney and Forsyth, 2002). The protein serine/threonine phosphatases are a unique family of enzymes that catalyze the specific dephosphorylation of phosphoserine or phosphothreonine residues in many cell types.…”

Section: Okadaic Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical Defenses: From Compounds to Communities

Paul

Arthur

Ritson‐Williams

et al. 2007

The Biological Bulletin

180

152

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Section: Okadaic Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Okadaic Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Defenses: From Compounds to Communities

Paul

Arthur

Ritson‐Williams

et al. 2007

The Biological Bulletin

180

152

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“…At present, the genus Ostreopsis includes 11 species with type species of O. siamensis (Schmidt, 1901;Parsons et al, 2012;Verma et al, 2016), of which several species are known to produce toxins of the palytoxin group that could cause serious human and environmental health problems (e.g., Yasumoto et al, 1987;Ukena et al, 2001;Tichadou et al, 2010). Ostreopsis species have been found in various of habitats, including on macroalgae, hard substrates (e.g., rocks, sand, and mollusk shells), and in the water column (Schmidt, 1901;Faust et al, 1996;Vila et al, 2001;LazaMartinez et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Analyses of the rbcL and psaA Genes From Single Cells Demonstrate a Rhodophyte Origin of the Prey in the Toxic Benthic Dinoflagellate Ostreopsis

Lee

Park

2018

Front. Mar. Sci.

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Phagotrophy of the harmful benthic dinoflagellates of the genus Ostreopsis has long been inferred based on observations of food particles present inside cells, but the prey has not yet been identified. This study aimed to investigate the seasonal dynamics of benthic dinoflagellates Ostreopsis spp. in temperate Korean coastal sites, with special emphasis on their phagotrophy. Further, prey species were identified by extracting the ingested food particles from single Ostreopsis cells and determining their rbcL and psaA gene sequences. High concentration of Ostreopsis cells was observed between June and October at all sites, when the water temperatures were higher than 19 • C, exhibiting a marked temporal seasonality. The percentage of Ostreopsis cells containing ingested food particles exhibited large spatial and temporal variations among sampling sites, ranging from undetectable level to 29.5%, and was not always associated with Ostreopsis cell abundance. Phylogenetic analyses performed using both plastid-encoded rbcL and psaA genes revealed that all sequences obtained from the ingested food particles of Ostreopsis cells grouped within the class Florideophyceae, Rhodophyta. Our result clearly demonstrates that Ostreopsis species consume various macroalgae from Rhodophyta, but not protists, which have long been thought to be the potential prey. The results of this study provide a basis for better understanding the mixotrophic behavior and nutritional ecology of the harmful benthic dinoflagellate Ostreopsis species.

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“…Benthic dinoflagellates possess unique structures with powerful bioactive secondary metabolites (Kita et al, 2005;Kobayashi et al, 2003;Onodera et al, 2005) and bio-toxins (Daranas et al, 2001). In particular, different types of toxins have been detected in different species of benthic dinoflagellates such as Amphidinium carterae (Haemolysins) (Nakajima et al, 1981;Yasumoto et al, 1987), Prorocentum lima (okaidic acid and dinophysistoxins) (Murakami et al, 1982), Prorocentrum rhathymum (water-soluble fast-acting toxins and hemolytic effects) (Nakajima et al, 1981;Tindall et al 1989), Coolia monotis (cooliatoxin) (Holmes et al, 1995) and Ostreopsis sp. (toxic butanol-soluble compound, palytoxin analogue) (Elbrächter and Faust, 2002;Nakajima et al, 1981;Usami et al, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%