Toxocara spp.

McManus, Rosemary; Hamilton, C. M.; Holland, Celia V.

doi:10.14321/waterpathogens.42

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 83 publications

(120 reference statements)

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“…Studies have established that dogs, mainly puppies in the close environment, are associated with the efficient transfer of T. canis (Glickman & Schantz, 1981; Barriga, 1988; Macpherson, 2013; Ferreira et al ., 2016; Panova & Khrustalev, 2018). Puppies acquire infections via transplacental and transmammary routes, and are capable of shedding millions of eggs per day in less than three weeks after birth, thereby making them epidemiological reservoirs of T. canis in the environment (da Cunha Amaral et al ., 2010; Macpherson, 2013; Ferreira et al ., 2016; McManus et al ., 2018). The efficient control of Toxocara infections, therefore, hinges upon control measures that target the elimination of the intestinal stage of T. canis populations in puppies and the sustained killing of the reservoir larvae in the tissues of bitches through the regular administration of effective anthelmintics (Barriga, 1988).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In humans, infection is acquired via waterborne or foodborne route via consumption of contaminated water, foods and vegetables, and/or geophagia (Salem & Schantz, 1992; Yoshikawa et al ., 2008; Macpherson, 2013; Fialho & Corrêa, 2016; Zibaei et al ., 2017; McManus et al ., 2018). There is substantial evidence of a strong association between human toxocariasis and the consumption of undercooked/raw meat viscera of food animals among people with such dietary habits in countries like Japan and Korea (Choi et al ., 2012; Yoshida et al ., 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A systematic review and meta-analysis of canine, feline and humanToxocarainfections in sub-Saharan Africa

2019

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Toxocariasis is an emerging zoonotic disease caused by Toxocara canis and T. cati. Toxocariasis and its etiological agents are of global public health importance, whose burden appears underestimated, especially in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The diversity in the transmission routes of these parasites contributes to disease prevalence and often hinders disease control measures. This study aimed to review the epidemiological distribution of Toxocara infections in SSA region. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed using PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis). We identified 94 relevant, peer-reviewed articles, out of which, 75 articles were found eligible based on Toxocara infections in dogs, cats and humans. Overall, 27,102 samples were examined for T. canis in dogs, T. cati in cats and Toxocara serology in humans, out of which 6142 were positive for Toxocara infection: 3717 (13.7%) in dogs (faecal, 3487; necropsy, 180; hair, 50); 266 (1%) in cats (faecal, 101; necropsy, 165); and 2159 (8%) in humans (serology). Overall mean prevalences of 19% (95% confidence interval (CI): 14–23%), 9% (95% CI: 0–28%) and 36% (95% CI: 24–49%) were recorded in dogs, cats and humans, respectively. Substantial heterogeneity was observed between studies and subgroups (I2 = 99%, P < 0.01). Findings from the review showed that studies on the epidemiology of Toxocara infections in the SSA region are limited. We strongly recommend focused, collaborative and coordinated studies to determine Toxocara spp. prevalence in various hosts, including food animals and the environment, through a ‘One Health’ approach across SSA countries.

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