Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in wildlife: Common parasites in Belgian foxes and Cervidae?

Craeye, Stéphane De; Speybroeck, Niko; Ajzenberg, Daniel; Dardé, Marie‐Laure; Collinet, Frédéric; Tavernier, Paul; Gucht, Steven Van; Dorny, Pierre; Dierick, Katelijne

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.12.016

Cited by 92 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Using PCR on marine mammal samples to detect T. gondii DNA has not identified many positive animals in other studies either Omata et al, 2006). Furthermore, a large discrepancy between the PCR and serologic results was found, similar to other studies on T. gondii prevalence in other hosts (De Craeye et al, 2011;Wang et al, 2011;Prestrud et al, 2007). This could be due to difficulties in determining serological parameters such as sensitivity and specificity.…”

Section: Animal Nosupporting

confidence: 67%

“…Positive PCR samples were further analysed by histopathology and immunohistochemistry. All serum (n = 292) and muscle fluid (n = 193) samples were analysed with MAT and a large part of the collected serum samples was further analysed with an immunofluorescence assay (IFA) (n = 244) and a multispecies ELISA (n = 241) ( Craeye et al (2011). Briefly, 400 mg of each brain sample was mixed with 20 l of proteinase K and 400 l of a first lysis buffer and vortexed thoroughly prior to overnight incubation at 56 • C. The next day, 400 l of a second lysis buffer was added and the mixture was homogenized and further incubated at 70 • C for 20 min.…”

Section: Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The isolated DNA samples were tested by duplex real-time PCR (qPCR) as described by De Craeye et al (2011). The 529-basepair repeat element was used as a target (Homan et al, 2000).…”

Section: Real-time Pcr Histopathology and Immunohistochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For detecting T. gondii in wild animals, brain is demonstrated to be a useful sampling tissue (De Craeye et al, 2011). Out of 193 animals tested by PCR, two harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) cerebrum samples proved positive for T. gondii DNA.…”

Section: Animal Nomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toxoplasma gondii in stranded marine mammals from the North Sea and Eastern Atlantic Ocean: Findings and diagnostic difficulties

Velde

Devleesschauwer

Leopold³

et al. 2016

Veterinary Parasitology

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a b s t r a c tThe occurrence of the zoonotic protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii in marine mammals remains a poorly understood phenomenon. In this study, samples from 589 marine mammal species and 34 European otters (Lutra lutra), stranded on the coasts of Scotland, Belgium, France, The Netherlands and Germany, were tested for the presence of T. gondii. Brain samples were analysed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of parasite DNA. Blood and muscle fluid samples were tested for specific antibodies using a modified agglutination test (MAT), a commercial multi-species enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and an immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Out of 193 animals tested by PCR, only two harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) cerebrum samples, obtained from animals stranded on the Dutch coast, tested positive. The serological results showed a wide variation depending on the test used. Using a cut-off value of 1/40 dilution in MAT, 141 out of 292 animals (41%) were positive. Using IFA, 30 out of 244 tested samples (12%) were positive at a 1/50 dilution. The commercial ELISA yielded 7% positives with a cut-off of the sample-to-positive (S/P) ratio ≥ 50; and 12% when the cut-off was set at S/P ratio ≥ 20. The high number of positives in MAT may be an overestimation due to the high degree of haemolysis of the samples and/or the presence of lipids. The ELISA results could be an underestimation due to the use of a multispecies conjugate. Our results confirm the presence of T. gondii in marine mammals in The Netherlands and show exposure to the parasite in both the North Sea and the Eastern Atlantic Ocean. We also highlight the limitations of the tests used to diagnose T. gondii in stranded marine mammals.

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Section: Animal Nosupporting

confidence: 67%

Section: Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The isolated DNA samples were tested by duplex real-time PCR (qPCR) as described by De Craeye et al (2011). The 529-basepair repeat element was used as a target (Homan et al, 2000).…”

Section: Real-time Pcr Histopathology and Immunohistochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Animal Nomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toxoplasma gondii in stranded marine mammals from the North Sea and Eastern Atlantic Ocean: Findings and diagnostic difficulties

Velde

Devleesschauwer

Leopold³

et al. 2016

Veterinary Parasitology

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“…Fetuses 2 and 3, however, which showed significant malformations, were both infected with T. gondii type I. This is thought to be a more virulent type in several species, although infection is believed to be rare in wild European animals (Aubert et al, 2010;De Craeye et al, 2011). Type I has also been commonly associated with congenital toxoplasmosis in humans in Spain (Fuentes et al, 2001).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Congenital Toxoplasmosis in Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) and Identification of theToxoplasma gondiiTypes Involved

Calero‐Bernal

Gómez

Saugar

et al. 2013

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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ABSTRACT:Congenital toxoplasmosis has been little described in wild animals. We report a case of vertical transmission in wild boar (Sus scrofa). Necropsy and histopathologic examination of a pregnant female and her three fetuses revealed all to have lesions compatible with acute toxoplasmosis. Nested polymerase chain reaction B1 gene detected Toxoplasma gondii in maternal (heart and diaphragm) and fetal (central nervous system, retina, optic nerve, heart, lung, tongue, and diaphragm) samples. The mother had a mixed infection of T. gondii types I and III. One fetus with type III infection developed no malformations, but the othersone with type I infection and one infected by types I and III-showed bilateral ocular agenesis, prognathism, and agenesis of the nasal cartilage. These results suggest the pathogenicity of the various T. gondii types may differ in wild boars.

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Common Fallow Deer Dama dama (Linnaeus, 1758)

Marinis

Chirichella

Apollonio

2022

Handbook of the Mammals of Europe

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Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in wildlife: Common parasites in Belgian foxes and Cervidae?

Cited by 92 publications

References 36 publications

Toxoplasma gondii in stranded marine mammals from the North Sea and Eastern Atlantic Ocean: Findings and diagnostic difficulties

Toxoplasma gondii in stranded marine mammals from the North Sea and Eastern Atlantic Ocean: Findings and diagnostic difficulties

Congenital Toxoplasmosis in Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) and Identification of theToxoplasma gondiiTypes Involved

Common Fallow Deer Dama dama (Linnaeus, 1758)

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