Toxoplasma gondii in Chickens (Gallus domesticus) from North India

Thakur, Rashmi; Sharma, Ramesh K.; Aulakh, Rabinder Singh

doi:10.1007/s11686-020-00266-3

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Moreover, the reported seroprevalence of T . gondii in our study (45%) falls within the range of previous reports [ 21 , 26 ]. In this study, a T .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…This study represents the first large-scale investigation covering five northeastern states of India. Moreover, the reported seroprevalence of T. gondii in our study (45%) falls within the range of previous reports [21,26]. In this study, a T. gondii seroprevalence of 45% in pigs was observed.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…In India, the seroprevalence of T . gondii has been investigated in various animals, including livestock, poultry, and captive wild species such as cattle [ 19 , 20 ], chicken [ 21 ], Mithun [ 22 ], sheep [ 23 ], goats [ 24 ], as well as Asiatic lions and Royal Bengal tigers [ 25 ]. Thakur et al [ 16 ] reported a seroprevalence of 48.3% (73/151) in pigs reared in Punjab.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seroepidemological investigation of Toxoplasma gondii and Trichinella spp. in pigs reared by tribal communities and small-holder livestock farmers in Northeastern India

Milton,

Das,

Ghatak

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Toxoplasma gondii and Trichinella spp. are critical tissue-dwelling foodborne zoonotic parasites associated with pork consumption and pig rearing. Despite being a major pig-rearing region in the country, Northeastern India has not undergone any investigation regarding the presence of T. gondii and Trichinella spp. in pigs. Therefore, this study aims to determine the seroprevalence of T. gondii and Trichinella spp. and identify associated risk factors in pigs reared by tribal communities and small-holder livestock farmers in the northeastern region of India. In a cross-sectional serological survey, 400 pigs from 400 households across five northeastern states of India underwent testing for the seroprevalence of porcine toxoplasmosis and trichinellosis. Serum samples (80 from each state) were analyzed using commercially available ELISA assays. Data on backyard farm characteristics and various management aspects were collected, and risk factors linked with prevalence were analyzed through univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. The findings revealed that the apparent and true prevalence of anti-T. gondii antibodies were 45% (40.12–49.88, 95% CI) and 45.7% (40.7–50.69, 95% CI), respectively. As for anti- Trichinella antibodies, both the apparent and true prevalence were 0.75% (-0.1–1.6, 95% CI). The univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that age above 24 months (OR 7.20, 95% CI 2.45–23.71), exposure to cats (OR = 5.87, 95% CI 2.55–14.05), and farms operating for breeding purposes (OR = 5.60, 95% CI 3.01–11.04) were significant risk factors associated with the seroprevalence of T. gondii. This study marks the initial documentation of the seroprevalence of T. gondii and Trichinella spp. in pigs reared by tribal communities in Northeastern India. The results emphasize the significance of these parasites as foodborne zoonotic threats in the region, potentially posing substantial public health risks, especially within tribal and rural communities. The insights derived from this research could be valuable in formulating targeted preventive and control strategies against T. gondii and Trichinella spp. in pigs, not only in this region but also in areas with similar rearing practices.

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“…Moreover, the reported seroprevalence of T . gondii in our study (45%) falls within the range of previous reports [ 21 , 26 ]. In this study, a T .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Seroepidemological investigation of Toxoplasma gondii and Trichinella spp. in pigs reared by tribal communities and small-holder livestock farmers in Northeastern India

Milton,

Das,

Ghatak

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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“…The results of this study demonstrate that Toxoplasma DNA (Toxo-DNA) could be detected by PCR assay in the tissues of naturally infected animals since we detected Toxo-DNA in 27 heart samples from 204 small ruminants and in 32 brain samples from 335 birds. The prevalence rates of Toxo-DNA in the sheep, goats and birds analyzed in the present study were 14.6%, 9.4% and 9.6%, respectively (Additional file 2: Table S2), which are higher than those reported in studies performed in other countries, such as Poland (6.9%) [35], China (5.2%) [36] and India (2.3%) [37] in sheep, goats and birds, respectively, but lower than those reported previously in Iran [38] and in Tunisia (32.5%) [39] and Kenya (79%) [40] in sheep, goats and birds, respectively. Therefore, the findings of these studies illustrate the prevalence of viable parasites, whereas serological tests primarily detect chronic toxoplasmosis in animals [41].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 69%

Genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii in meat-producing animals in Iran

et al. 2022

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Background The consumption of uncooked or undercooked food from infected intermediate hosts can result in Toxoplasma gondii infection in humans. However, few studies have investigated the genetic diversity of this protozoan parasite in Iran. The aim of the present study was to genetically characterize isolates of T. gondii from intermediate host animals in Mazandaran Province, Iran. Methods Blood and heart tissue samples were collected from 204 ruminants, and brain tissue was collected from 335 birds. The prevalence of T. gondii infection in these samples was determined serologically using the modified agglutination test and by conventional PCR assays. Those PCR samples positive for T. gondii DNA and 13 DNA samples extracted from aborted fetuses in a previous study were genotyped with 12 genetic markers using the multilocus-nested PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (Mn-PCR–RFLP) technique. Results Antibodies for parasites were found in 35.7% of the ruminant (39.1% of sheep and 26.4% of goats) samples and in 51.3% of the bird (100% of geese, 52.3% of free-range chickens and 46% of ducks) samples. Molecular detection by PCR of the repetitive 529-bp DNA fragment revealed contamination of 13.2% of ruminant (14.6% of sheep and 9.4% of goats) samples and of 9.6% of bird (11.1% of chickens, 5.7% of ducks and 0% of geese samples). The results from 30 DNA samples revealed five ToxoDB (genome database for the genus Toxoplasma) PCR–RFLP genotypes, including #1 (Type II), #2 (Type III), #10 (Type I), #27 and #48, with genotype #1 the most predominant. Conclusions As evidenced by the results of this study, ruminants and birds are infected with T. gondii in the region, suggesting that they are likely to be involved in the transmission of T. gondii to humans through meat consumption. The identification of different genotypes may suggest a higher genetic diversity of this parasite in Mazandaran, reflecting local environmental contamination. These results have important public health implications for the prevention and control strategies of infection. Graphical Abstract

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