Toxoplasma gondii SAG2 type III in an atypical presentation of ocular toxoplasmosis in Indonesia

Abstract

This study aimed to perform genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii strain or variant causing atypical toxoplasmic uveitis in Indonesian patients. Methods: Ocular fluid samples originating from 46 uveitis patients with non-specific ocular manifestations were analysed for Toxoplasma infection by PCR of the B1 locus. The clonal type was determined by amplification, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of SAG2 and GRA6 loci in B1-positive samples. Clinical data were obtained from the medical records. Results: Pan uveitis was the most frequent manifestation (65.2%) and mostly unilateral (76.1%). PCR of the B1 locus identified eight positive subjects (12.5%); six had panuveitis and two of these had diabetes mellitus. Phylogenetic analysis with maximum likelihood of the SAG2 locus in the B1-positive samples resulted in Toxoplasma gondii SAG2 type III allele. No positive result was obtained from the PCR of GRA6 locus. Conclusion: Toxoplasma gondii SAG2-type III allele was identified in an atypical presentation of toxoplasmic uveitis in Indonesia.

Seroprevalence and Genetic Characterization of Toxoplasma gondii among Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Egypt

“…Among cancer patients in China, Wang et al [ 18 ] revealed a 3.55% positivity rate of T. gondii by nested PCR at the GRA6 locus. On the other hand, no positive result was obtained from amplification of the GRA6 gene in patients with ocular toxoplasmosis in Indonesia [ 41 ].…”

“…Genotyping of Toxoplasma from ocular fluid samples in patients with uveitis in Indonesia by analysis of SAG2 and GRA6 loci showed that all samples were of type III allele [ 41 ].…”

“…[18] revealed a 3.55% positivity rate of T. gondii by nested PCR at the GRA6 locus. On the other hand, no positive result was obtained from amplification of the GRA6 gene in patients with ocular toxoplasmosis in Indonesia [41]. e initial dissemination of T. gondii tachyzoites is limited to less than 20 days from the beginning of infection, but this duration may vary according to the parasite genotype and the host immune response [32].…”

The Utility of Nonroutine Intraocular Fluid Polymerase Chain Reaction for Uveitis in Indonesia

“…In the Indonesian population, toxoplasmosis should be considered as a cause of atypical posterior uveitis or panuveitis. 18 However, the timing of PCR analysis appeared to significantly affect the positivity of T. gondii PCR. De Groot-Mijnes et al observed that the positivity of T. gondii declined if samples were collected and analyzed at four weeks after onset.…”

Comparison of Different Commercial Serology Kits for the Determination of Seropositive Toxoplasmosis in Cattle in Indonesia

“…Toxoplasmosis in humans can cause miscarriage, chorioretinitis and uveitis, encephalitis and cerebral calcification, hydrocephalus, and birth defects (Montoya, 2002;Capobiango et al, 2016). Cases of toxoplasmosis in Indonesia are reported to exceed 60% in people of the children bearing-age (Terazawa et al, 2003) and 19% in uveitis cases (Kurniawan et al, 2020).…”