Toxoplasma gondii Type I, predominant genotype isolated from sheep in South of Iran

Abstract

Aim:This study was performed to determine the genetic diversity of Toxoplasma gondii in sheep using nested-polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) in Southern Iran.Materials and Methods:The tissue samples of diaphragm and heart from 125 sheep were collected from the main slaughterhouses of Jahrom district in South of Fars province, Iran, between Aprils and June 2013. The DNA were extracted and analyzed by nested-PCR using specific primers for SAG2 and GRA6 loci. RFLP was used to classify strains into one of the three major lineages of T. gondii.Results:T. gondii Type I was predominant in this area. The data obtained from both loci demonstrated that the frequency of each genotype was 72% Type I, 2.4% Type III, 7.2% mixed Type I and II, 16.8% mixed Type I and III, 0.8% mixed Type II and III, and 0.8% mixed Type I, II and III.Conclusions:Although the previously published data indicated that Type II is the predominant T. gondii genotype in sheep in the other parts of the world, this study showed that genotype I is the dominant genotype of T. gondii in the southern Iran; however, other genotypes were detected. High diversity of T. gondii genotypes including mix genotypes in lambs is of importance for the public health. These studies depict a new mapping of T. gondii genotypes pattern which could be very helpful in toxoplasmosis control and prevention.

Genetic Diversity of Toxoplasma Gondii by Serological and Molecular Analyzes in Different Sheep and Goat Tissues in Northeastern Iran

“…It has been reported that there is a correlation between of T.gondii genotype and clinical symptoms and pathogenesis pro le of parasite[29,30].Besides, it is veri ed that genotype I known as acutely virulent; whereasgenotype II and III are signi cantly less virulent that can establish latent toxoplasmosis[31].Due to speci c polymorphisms of GRA6 marker, it was selected in our study to genotyping of isolated T.gondii and at the next step PCR-RFLP test viaMseІ endonuclease was performed to discriminate between types I, II, and III[32].Nested-PCR of GRA6 gene for 10 tissue samples (7 sheep and 3 goats) was positive and RFLP technique approved all of them cluster into genotype І. These results are in agreement with two previous surveys of different parts of Iran[33,34].It is proven that predominant genotype in animal especially ruminants in Iran is genotype II; Whereas prior European investigation demonstrated the most predominant genotype belongs to type III[35].In our study, variables analysis in sheep and goats showed that infection rate of toxoplasmosis increased with age. This age-related variation can be due to the fact that older animals have been exposed to risk factors for a longer time.…”

Seroprevalence, isolation, molecular detection and genetic diversity of Toxoplasma gondii from small ruminants in Egypt

“…Diverse techniques for Toxoplasma genotyping have been created in the previous years (Liu et al 2009). Multilocus PCR-RFLP was the strategy for decision to recognize the genotypes of T. gondii isolates, for the most part for its effortlessness, great sensitivity and applicability (Armand et al 2017). It distinguishes between the three clonal genotypes of T. gondii adding to some atypical genotypes (Tavakoli Kareshk et al 2017).…”

“…Genotyping can clear up the fundamental pathogenic components of an organism such as the virulence (Armand et al 2017). Previously, T. gondii strains have been characterized into three hereditary Types by their virulence impact on mice.…”

Development of a new serotyping ELISA for Toxoplasma gondii type II, type III and Africa 1 lineages using in silico peptide discovery methods, well categorized feline and human outbreak serum samples

“…The parasite genotype and severity of clinical outcome in human toxoplasmosis cases are strongly related and in mouse model, type I is known to be more virulent compared to type II and type III [ 6 ]. It is recommended to type T. gondii isolates in clinical cases to assess the effect of genotype on the severity of toxoplasmosis [ 30 , 31 ]. However, available routine genotyping methods that are based on the detection of parasite DNA are not always adequate because the amount of parasite DNA present in the host/patient’s fluids or tissues is not necessarily present at detectable or sufficient levels for genotyping and subsequent analysis.…”