Trace conditioning: Abolished by cerebellar nuclear lesions but not lateral cerebellar cortex aspirations

Woodruff-Pak, Diana S.; Lavond, David G.; Thompson, Richard F.

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(85)90443-3

Cited by 180 publications

(128 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…It is consistent with the findings of the previous studies using peripheral CS in eyeblink conditioning that cerebellar interpositus nucleus plays an essential role in CR expression [4,27,29,31,66,70,71] . Steinmetz [72] speculated that the cerebellum may only be involved in simple, discrete, aversive, and somatic associative learning that occurs with a relatively short interstimulus interval.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Classical eyeblink conditioning using electrical stimulation of caudal mPFC as conditioned stimulus is dependent on cerebellar interpositus nucleus in guinea pigs

Yao

Fan

et al. 2012

Acta Pharmacol Sin

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Aim: To determine whether electrical stimulation of caudal medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) as conditioned stimulus (CS) paired with airpuff unconditioned stimulus (US) was sufficient for establishing eyeblink conditioning in guinea pigs, and whether it was dependent on cerebellar interpositus nucleus. Methods: Thirty adult guinea pigs were divided into 3 conditioned groups, and trained on the delay eyeblink conditioning, short-trace eyeblink conditioning, and long-trace eyeblink conditioning paradigms, respectively, in which electrical stimulation of the right caudal mPFC was used as CS and paired with corneal airpuff US. A pseudo conditioned group of another 10 adult guinea pigs was given unpaired caudal mPFC electrical stimulation and the US. Muscimol (1 µg in 1 µL saline) and saline (1 µL) were infused into the cerebellar interpositus nucleus of the animals through the infusion cannula on d 11 and 12, respectively. Results: The 3 eyeblink conditioning paradigms have been successfully established in guinea pigs. The animals acquired the delay and short-trace conditioned responses more rapidly than long-trace conditioned responses. Muscimol infusion into the cerebellar interpositus nucleus markedly impaired the expression of the 3 eyeblink conditioned responses. Conclusion: Electrical stimulation of caudal mPFC is effective CS for establishing eyeblink conditioning in guinea pigs, and it is dependent on the cerebellar interpositus nucleus.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Classical eyeblink conditioning using electrical stimulation of caudal mPFC as conditioned stimulus is dependent on cerebellar interpositus nucleus in guinea pigs

Yao

Fan

et al. 2012

Acta Pharmacol Sin

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“…The development of knowledge about the stimulus contingencies depends on the activation of reciprocal connections between the hippocampus and neocortex. Successful trace conditioning depends additionally on the participation of the cerebellum (Woodruff-Pak et al 1985). If awareness were directly contributing to the eyeblink response, participants should have awareness of their eyeblink responses to the CS + .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parallel Acquisition of Awareness and Trace Eyeblink Classical Conditioning

Manns¹,

Clark²,

Squire³

2000

Learn. Mem.

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Trace eyeblink conditioning (with a trace interval ≥500 msec) depends on the integrity of the hippocampus and requires that participants develop awareness of the stimulus contingencies (i.e., awareness that the conditioned stimulus [CS] predicts the unconditioned stimulus [US]). Previous investigations of the relationship between trace eyeblink conditioning and awareness of the stimulus contingencies have manipulated awareness or have assessed awareness at fixed intervals during and after the conditioning session. In this study, we tracked the development of knowledge about the stimulus contingencies trial by trial by asking participants to try to predict either the onset of the US or the onset of their eyeblinks during differential trace eyeblink conditioning. Asking participants to predict their eyeblinks inhibited both the acquisition of awareness and eyeblink conditioning. In contrast, asking participants to predict the onset of the US promoted awareness and facilitated conditioning. Acquisition of knowledge about the stimulus contingencies and acquisition of differential trace eyeblink conditioning developed approximately in parallel (i.e., concurrently).

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“…Cellular recording and lesion techniques overwhelmingly support the role of the cerebellum in modulating the acquisition and timing of the CR in EBC. Specifically, non-human experiments have determined that activation of the CR is principally controlled by the cerebellar deep nuclei, specifically the interpositus nucleus (McCormick and Thompson, 1984a;Woodruff-Pak et al, 1985;Steinmetz et al, 1991;Sears and Steinmetz, 1991). Inhibitory projections from Purkinje cortical neurons modulate the activity of the interpositus, effectively manipulating the timing of the CR (Mamounas et al, 1987;Bao et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebellum volume and eyeblink conditioning in schizophrenia

Edwards

Newman

Bismark

et al. 2008

Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging

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Although accumulating evidence suggests that cerebellar abnormalities may be linked to the symptoms and course of schizophrenia, few studies have related structural and functional indices of cerebellar integrity. The present study examined the relationship between the volume of specific subregions of the cerebellum and cerebellar function, as measured by eyeblink conditioning. Nine individuals with schizophrenia and six healthy comparison participants completed structural magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and a delay eyeblink conditioning procedure. Volumetric measurements were taken for the whole brain, whole cerebellum, cerebellar anterior lobules I-V and posterior lobules VI-VII. The schizophrenia group had smaller cerebellar anterior lobes and exhibited impaired eyeblink conditioning compared to the comparison group. In the comparison group, larger anterior volume correlated with earlier conditioned response onset latencies and increased amplitudes of the unconditioned blink response during paired trials (i.e., when the conditioned and unconditioned stimuli co-occurred). The findings that smaller anterior cerebellar volumes and EBC impairments were associated with schizophrenia are consistent with non-human studies showing that anterior cerebellar abnormalities are associated with associative deficits in delay eyeblink conditioning. The lack of a significant correlation between indices of eyeblink conditioning and cerebellar volume within the schizophrenic group suggests an aberrant relationship between cerebellar structure and function.

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Trace conditioning: Abolished by cerebellar nuclear lesions but not lateral cerebellar cortex aspirations

Cited by 180 publications

References 16 publications

Classical eyeblink conditioning using electrical stimulation of caudal mPFC as conditioned stimulus is dependent on cerebellar interpositus nucleus in guinea pigs

Classical eyeblink conditioning using electrical stimulation of caudal mPFC as conditioned stimulus is dependent on cerebellar interpositus nucleus in guinea pigs

Parallel Acquisition of Awareness and Trace Eyeblink Classical Conditioning

Cerebellum volume and eyeblink conditioning in schizophrenia

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