Trace elements in atmospheric particulates over the Eastern Mediterranean; Concentrations, sources, and temporal variability

Kubilay, N.; Saydam, A.C.

doi:10.1016/1352-2310(95)00101-4

Cited by 144 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…As is well documented, the eastern Mediterranean Sea is heavily impacted by mineral dust episodes originating from Sahara and Middle Eastern deserts (Kubilay and Saydam, 1995;Kubilay et al, 2000, Koçak et al, 2004a, b, 2012. For the current study between March 2014 and April 2015, water-soluble non-sea salt calcium concentrations higher than 50 nmol m −3 (2000 ng m −3 as a threshold value) were defined as mineral "dust events".…”

Section: Influence Of Mineral Dust Episodes On Wson Aerosol Concentramentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Its immediate vicinity is surrounded by cultivated land to the north and to the south of the northern Levantine Basin. Although the site is not under the direct influence of any industrial activities (such as soda production and fertilizer production), the city of Mersin with a population of around 800 000 is located 45 km to the east of the sampling site (Kubilay and Saydam, 1995;Koçak et al, 2012), and hence aerosol and rainwater samples may have been influenced by the aforementioned regional anthropogenic activities when air mass is transported from the east.…”

Section: Sampling Site Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Atmospheric water-soluble organic nitrogen (WSON) in the eastern Mediterranean: origin and ramifications regarding marine productivity

Nehir

Koçak

2018

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Aerosol and rain sampling in two size fractions was carried out at a rural site located on the coast of the eastern Mediterranean, Erdemli, Turkey (36 • 33 54 N, 34 • 15 18 E). A total of 674 aerosol samples in two size fractions (337 coarse, 337 fine) and 23 rain samples were collected between March 2014 and April 2015. Samples were analyzed for NO − 3 , NH + 4 and ancillary water-soluble ions using ion chromatography and water-soluble total nitrogen (WSTN) by applying a high-temperature combustion method. The mean aerosol water-soluble organic nitrogen (WSON) was 23.8 ± 16.3 nmol N m −3 , reaching a maximum of 79 nmol N m −3 , with about 66 % being associated with coarse particles. The volume weighted mean (VWM) concentration of WSON in rain was 21.5 µmol N L −1 . The WSON contributed 37 and 29 % to the WSTN in aerosol and rainwater, respectively. Aerosol WSON concentrations exhibited large temporal variation, mainly due to meteorology and the origin of air mass flow. The highest mean aerosol WSON concentration was observed in the summer and was attributed to the absence of rain and resuspension of cultivated soil in the region. The mean concentration of WSON during dust events (38.2 ± 17.5 nmol N m −3 ) was 1.3 times higher than that of non-dust events (29.4 ± 13.9 nmol N m −3 ). Source apportionment analysis demonstrated that WSON was originated from agricultural activities (43 %), secondary aerosol (20 %), nitrate (22 %), crustal material (10 %) and sea salt (5 %). The dry and wet depositions of WSON were equivalent and amounted to 36 % of the total atmospheric WSTN flux.

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Section: Influence Of Mineral Dust Episodes On Wson Aerosol Concentramentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sampling Site Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric water-soluble organic nitrogen (WSON) in the eastern Mediterranean: origin and ramifications regarding marine productivity

Nehir

Koçak

2018

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…The highest particulate matter (PM) concentrations are generally found in southern and eastern Europe and attributed to diverse emission sources such as industry, traffic, resuspended dust, shipping emissions and African dust intrusions (Karanasiou et al, 2011(Karanasiou et al, , 2014(Karanasiou et al, , 2007(Karanasiou et al, , 2009; Lelieveld et al, 2002;Querol et al, 2004;Rodríguez et al, 2007;Salameh et al, 2015). A number of studies have reported that in rural environments in the Mediterranean, airborne PM and ammonium sulfate concentrations undergo a seasonal cycle characterised by a summer maximum (Bergametti et al, 1989;Kubilay and Saydam, 1995;Querol et al, 1998a, b;Rodríguez et al, 2001Rodríguez et al, , 2002. This seasonal cycle has not been reported at rural sites in central and northern Europe, where high PM events are mostly recorded in winter during stagnant episodes caused by cold temperature inversions and low wind speed (Beekmann et al, 2015;Favez et al, 2007;Monn et al, 1995;Röösli et al, 2001;Turnbull and Harrison, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anthropogenic emissions from heavily industrialised parts of southern Europe (e.g. Genoa and Milan), the megacities of Istanbul and Cairo, a large range of smaller population centres disseminated all over the basin, as well as intense shipping activities render the Mediterranean basin one of the most airpollution-impacted zones on the planet (Karanasiou et al, 2014;de la Paz et al, 2013). Natural sources such as Saharan dust, sea-spray and frequent forest fires exert further considerable stress on regional air quality (Kanakidou et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources and mixing state of summertime background aerosol in the north-western Mediterranean basin

et al. 2017

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Abstract. An aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ATOFMS) was employed to provide real-time single particle mixing state and thereby source information for aerosols impacting the western Mediterranean basin during the ChArMEx-ADRIMED and SAF-MED campaigns in summer 2013. The ATOFMS measurements were made at a ground-based remote site on the northern tip of Corsica.Twenty-seven distinct ATOFMS particle classes were identified and subsequently grouped into eight general categories: EC-rich (elemental carbon), K-rich, Na-rich, amines, OC-rich (organic carbon), V-rich, Fe-rich and Carich particles. Mass concentrations were reconstructed for the ATOFMS particle classes and found to be in good agreement with other co-located quantitative measurements (PM 1 , black carbon (BC), organic carbon, sulfate mass and ammonium mass). Total ATOFMS reconstructed mass (PM 2.5 ) accounted for 70-90 % of measured PM 10 mass and was comprised of regionally transported fossil fuel (EC-rich) and biomass burning (K-rich) particles. The accumulation of these transported particles was favoured by repeated and extended periods of air mass stagnation over the western Mediterranean during the sampling campaigns. The single particle mass spectra proved to be valuable source markers, allowing the identification of fossil fuel and biomass burning combustion sources, and was therefore highly complementary to quantitative measurements made by Particle into Liquid Sampler ion chromatography (PILS-IC) and an aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ACSM), which have demonstrated that PM 1 and PM 10 were comprised predominantly of sulfate, ammonium and OC. Good temporal agreement was observed between ATOFMS EC-rich and K-rich particle mass concentrations and combined mass concentrations of BC, sulfate, ammonium and low volatility oxygenated organic aerosol (LV-OOA). This combined information suggests that combustion of fossil fuels and biomass produced primary EC-and OC-containing particles, which then accumulated ammonium, sulfate and alkylamines during regional transport.Three other sources were also identified: local biomass burning, marine and shipping. Local combustion particlesPublished by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. (emitted in Corsica) contributed little to PM 2.5 particle number and mass concentrations but were easily distinguished from regional combustion particles. Marine emissions comprised fresh and aged sea salt: the former was detected mostly during a 5-day event during which it accounted for 50-80 % of sea salt aerosol mass, while the latter was detected throughout the sampling period. Dust was not efficiently detected by the ATOFMS, and support measurements showed that it was mainly in the PM 2.5-10 fraction. Shipping particles, identified using markers for heavy fuel oil combustion, were associated with regional emissions and represented only a small fraction of PM 2.5 particle number and mass concentration at the site.

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“…The dissolution is obtained by acid digestion in hermetic Teflon recipients. This methodology has been used by many authors (Kubilay et al 1995 andQuerol et al 2000).…”

Section: Analytical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Air pollution prediction models of particles, As, Cd, Ni and Pb in a highly industrialized area in Castellón (NE, Spain)

et al. 2011

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ABSTRACT:The objective of this study was to elaborate a series of mathematical models with the aim of short-term prediction of TSP, PM10, As, Cd, Ni and Pb in air ambient. These pollutants depend on some known variables (meteorological variables). The goal is to provide a useful instrument to alert the population facing possible episodes of high concentrations of atmospheric pollutants. The study was carried out in a highly industrialized area in the ceramic cluster of Castellón during five years (2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005). The origin of the contamination in this area is both natural and anthropogenic. The natural origin is due to the resuspension of mineral materials from the surrounding mountains and from the long-range transport of materials from North Africa. The anthropogenic contamination sources that stand out include the non-metallic mineral material industries (ceramic production), chemical industries (color, frit and enamel manufacturing) as well as vehicular traffic. Once the particle samples were 2 collected in quartz fiber filters, the concentration levels of TSP and PM10 were determined gravimetrically. The chemical analysis of the filters was carried out by ICP-MS. Predictive models have been constructed by using Multiple Regression Analysis together with Time Series Models (ARIMA). The SPSS 14.0 statistical software has been employed to analyse the obtained experimental data.

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Trace elements in atmospheric particulates over the Eastern Mediterranean; Concentrations, sources, and temporal variability

Cited by 144 publications

References 16 publications

Atmospheric water-soluble organic nitrogen (WSON) in the eastern Mediterranean: origin and ramifications regarding marine productivity

Atmospheric water-soluble organic nitrogen (WSON) in the eastern Mediterranean: origin and ramifications regarding marine productivity

Sources and mixing state of summertime background aerosol in the north-western Mediterranean basin

Air pollution prediction models of particles, As, Cd, Ni and Pb in a highly industrialized area in Castellón (NE, Spain)

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