Trace Elements in Human Tissue Part II. Adult Subjects from the United States

Tipton, Isabel H.; Cook, M. J.

doi:10.1097/00004032-196302000-00002

Cited by 462 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The reliable data on trace element mass fractions in normal geriatric thyroid is apparently extremely limited. There are many studies regarding trace element content in human thyroid, using chemical techniques and instrumental methods [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36]. However, the majority of these data are based on measurements of processed tissue and in many studies tissue samples are ashed (are burned in a muffle furnace) before analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-Related-Changes-of-Trace-Element-Contents-in-Intact-Thyroid-of-Females-Investigated-by-Neutron-Activation-Analysis

Zaichick¹

2017

GGM

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IntroductionThe endocrine organs, including the thyroid gland, undergo important functional changes during aging and a prevalence of thyroid dysfunction is higher in the elderly as compared to the younger population [1,2]. Advancing age is known to influence the formation of adenomatous goiter and thyroid cancer [3]. The prevalence of thyroid nodules is increased in the elderly, reaching a frequency of nearly 50% by the age of 65 [4]. Both prevalence and aggressiveness of thyroid cancer increase with age [2]. Women are affected by thyroid nodule and cancer two to five times more often than men [2][3][4][5].Aging is a complex process involving biochemical and morphologic changes in single cells, in organs and in the whole organism. One of the most generally accepted explanations of how aging occurs at the molecular level is the oxidative stress hypothesis [6]. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are widely considered to be a causal factor not only in aging but in a number of pathological conditions, including carcinogenesis. Aging, considered as an impairment of body functions over time, caused by the accumulation of molecular damage in DNA, proteins and lipids, is also characterized by an increase in intracellular oxidative stress due to the progressive decrease of the intracellular ROS scavenging [7]. Oxidative damage to cellular macromolecules which induce cancer can also arise through overproduction of ROS and faulty antioxidant and/or DNA repair mechanisms [8]. Overproduction of ROS is associated with inflammation, radiation and some other factors, including overload of some trace elements, in both blood and certain tissues, or deficiency of other trace elements with antioxidant properties [9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. Studies have shown that the imbalance in the composition of trace elements may cause different types of pathology. The importance of appropriate levels of many trace elements is indisputable, due to their beneficial roles when in specific concentration ranges, while on the other hand they can cause toxic effects with excessively high or low concentrations [12].In our previous studies [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] the high mass fraction of Iodine (I) and some other trace element were observed in intact human thyroid gland when compared with their levels in non-thyroid soft tissues of the human body. However, some questions about the age-dependence of trace element mass fraction in thyroid of adult, and particularly, elderly females still remain unanswered. One valuable way to elucidate the situation is to compare the mass fractions of trace elements in young adult (the control group) with those in older adult and geriatric thyroid. The findings of the excess or deficiency of trace element contents in thyroid and the perturbations of their relative proportions in glands of adult and elderly females, may give an indication of their role in a higher prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in the elderly. The reliable data on trace element mass fractions in normal geriatric thyroid is apparently extremel...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-Related-Changes-of-Trace-Element-Contents-in-Intact-Thyroid-of-Females-Investigated-by-Neutron-Activation-Analysis

Zaichick¹

2017

GGM

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“…Hypertension in response to cadmium was substantiated by two later studies (Schroeder 1964a;Schroeder and Buckman 1967a). A potential role of cadmium as a human hypertensive agent was indicated by Schroeder's (1964b) analysis of autopsy data collected by Tipton and Cook (1963) which indicated a presence of high cadmium-to-zinc ratios in cadavers of hypertensive subjects. Direct vasoconstriction and increased cardiac output were suggested as mechanisms for the induction of hypertension by cadmium, based again on experiments with rats (Perry et al 1967).…”

Section: Cadmium and Zinc Levels In The Hair Of Smokers And Nonsmokermentioning

confidence: 99%

Cadmium and zinc levels in the hair of smokers and nonsmokers

Simonsen

2000

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To determine the relationship of tobacco and marijuana smoking to levels of cadmium and zinc manifested in hair samples, a study was conducted at Portland State University using atomic.absorption spectrophotometry. 97 adult student volunteers participated in the main study.Tobacco smokers had significantly higher hair cadmium concentrations and marijuana smokers had significantly higher zinc concentrations than nonsmokers, confirming tobacco smoking as a significant source of cadmium and implicating marijuana as a significant source of zinc. Higher average concentrations of cadmium among marijuana smokers and zinc among tobacco smokers were also observed but lacked statistical significance. Since cadmium is a toxic metal with a long biological half-life and a tendency to accumulate in certain target organs, particularly the kidney, the effects of smoking upon the level of long-t~rm cadmium intake may have important consequences for health. In addition, comparative studies of hair metal levels neglecting to take smoking habits into account are suspect at least insofar as cadmium and probably zinc are concerned.Trends toward increasing cadmium with age and observations of decreased cadmium among individuals with black hair and increased cadmium among individuals doing soldering are in general agreement 2 with previous findings but the lack of significantly higher cadmium levels for males than for females contradicts previous work on Americans. Different proportions of smokers in the subject populations may be involved in this disagreement.Former smokers had cadmium and zinc concentrations that did not exceed the average concentrations for nonsmokers, indicating that hair cadmium and zinc levels reflect exposure or intake rather than cumulative body burden.

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“…Inorganic hexavalent forms such as molybdenum trioxide, sodium molybdate, and ammonium molybdate are readily absorbed from both food and water, whereas molybdenite i s not. Human absorption rates of 40 t o 70 percent have been observed for the soluble forms of molybdenum (Tipton et ai., 1969;Robinson et al, 1973;Alexander et al, 1974).…”

Section: 210mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The International Commission on Radiological Protection estimate for the absorption of soluble vanadium compounds is 2 percent (ICRP, 19601, but the World Health Organization states that absorption of even very soluble forms of vanadium is less than 1 percent from the gastrointestinal tract (WHO, 1988). Limited human data (from three individuals) have suggested that as much as 10 percent of a repeated oral dose may be absorbed (Proescher et at., 191 7;Tipton et al, 1969). Soluble vanadium compounds that are inhaled and deposited are more Vanadium is an element and is not metabolized.…”

Section: Vanadium Absorotionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Baseline risk assessment of ground water contamination at the Uranium Mill Tailings Sites near Rifle, Colorado

1995

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Trace Elements in Human Tissue Part II. Adult Subjects from the United States

Abstract: Central values and an estimate of the variation about the central values are given for 24 trace elements and the dry, and ash content of samples of 29 different tissues of 150 adult victims of instantaneous death who had spent their lives in the United States.

Cited by 462 publications

References 3 publications

Age-Related-Changes-of-Trace-Element-Contents-in-Intact-Thyroid-of-Females-Investigated-by-Neutron-Activation-Analysis

Age-Related-Changes-of-Trace-Element-Contents-in-Intact-Thyroid-of-Females-Investigated-by-Neutron-Activation-Analysis

Cadmium and zinc levels in the hair of smokers and nonsmokers

Baseline risk assessment of ground water contamination at the Uranium Mill Tailings Sites near Rifle, Colorado

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