Trace Metal Distribution and Control in the Pilot-Scale Bubbling Fluidized Bed Combustor Equipped with the Pulse-Jet Fabric Filter, Limestone Injection, and the Humidification Reactor

Kouvo, Petri

doi:10.1080/10473289.2003.10466177

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In coal-fired power plant exhaust streams, Hg can be found in at least three forms: elemental (Hg 0 ) and oxidized (Hg 2+ ) (both in the vapor phase) and Hg bound to particulates (Hg p ). Elemental mercury is highly volatile and not readily removed from the gas stream, whereas Hg 2+ and Hg p can typically be removed through standard emission controls. − Because Hg release to the atmosphere is a major concern, there has been significant research on Hg uptake by three key sorbentsactivated carbon, modified activated carbon, and coal fly ash. − Among these three sorbents, , coal fly ash is particularly important because the ash is a waste material already present in the flue gas stream with volatile Hg, and even with 99.95% capture efficiency, the average coal-fired power plant releases approximately 1 ton of coal fly ash to the atmosphere per day …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mercury Interaction with the Fine Fraction of Coal-Combustion Fly Ash in a Simulated Coal Power Plant Flue Gas Stream

et al. 2015

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Mercury associated with fly ash is a significant contaminant released in flue gas emissions from coal-fired power plants. This work focuses on the association of Hg with other elements and phases as well as the molecular-level speciation of Hg in bulk and <0.1 μm sized fly ash particles reacted with a Hg-containing simulated flue gas stream. Following reaction under conditions chosen to simulate an electrostatic precipitator operating at 140 °C, fly ash (bulk and ≤0.1 μm) from a Kentucky power plant was analyzed using microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. The ≤0.1 μm fraction dominates Hg uptake, with total Hg concentrations increasing from 100 ppb to 610 ppm after reaction, whereas bulk ash concentrations increase from 11 to 164 ppb. Synchrotron-based micro-X-ray fluorescence mapping of the reacted ≤0.1 μm fraction showed that Hg is present in two major regions: Fe-rich areas and Hg hot spots not associated with Fe. X-ray absorption spectroscopic analysis revealed that Hg is associated with Br and Cl, is bound to iron oxides, and occurs as HgS (cinnabar). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic analysis of the fine fraction revealed carboxylic, alcoholic, and alkane functional groups. Density functional theory simulation of the vibrational frequencies of a carboxylic group bonded to Hg reproduced the same frequency shifts and peak intensity reductions (relative to carboxylic acid alone) observed in the experimental FTIR spectrum of the Hg-reacted fly ash fine fraction, suggesting Hg(II) binding to organic matter. Our results reveal complex interactions between Hg and coal fly ash in the combustion stream that produces less bioavailable forms of Hg than Hg 0 present in the unreacted flue gas. Such information is critical for safe disposal of Hg-containing fly ash in landfills or use in cementitious products.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mercury Interaction with the Fine Fraction of Coal-Combustion Fly Ash in a Simulated Coal Power Plant Flue Gas Stream

et al. 2015

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“…In late 2000, an EU Directive on the incineration of waste () was adopted, regulating the harmful emissions from waste incineration, including particles and twelve toxic elements; Cd, Tl, Hg, Sb, As, Pb, Cr, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, and V. Consequently, there is high interest in monitoring and understanding the behavior of trace elements and their partitioning in particle and aerosol formation during combustion. Several research groups have therefore carried out experimental ( − ) or modeling studies ( − ) of trace element behavior during combustion of solid fuels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fate of Cu, Cr, and As During Combustion of Impregnated Wood with and without Peat Additive

Lundholm

Boström

Nordin

et al. 2007

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The E.U. Directive on incineration of waste regulates the harmful emissions of particles and twelve toxic elements, including copper, chromium, and arsenic. More information is critically needed on the speciation and behavior of these trace elements during combustion, including the effects of different process variables, as well as of different fuels and fuel mixtures. Using a 15 kW pellets-fueled grate burner, experiments were performed to determine the fate of copper, chromium, and arsenic during combustion of chromate copper arsenate (CCA) preservative wood. The effects of co-combustion of CCA-wood with peat were also studied since peat fuels previously have proved to generally reduce ash related problems. The fate and speciation of copper, chromium, and arsenic were determined from analysis of the flue gas particles and the bottom ash using SEM-EDS, XRD, XPS, and ICP-AES. In addition, chemical equilibrium model calculations were performed to interpret the experimental findings. The results revealed that about 5% copper, 15% chromium, and 60% arsenic were volatilized during combustion of pure CCA-wood, which is lower than predicted volatilization from the individual arsenic, chromium, and copper oxides. This is explained by the formation of more stable refractory complex oxide phases for which the stability trends and patterns are presented. When co-combusted with peat, an additional stabilization of these phases was obtained and thus a small but noteworthy decrease in volatilization of all three elements was observed. The major identified phases for all fuels were CuCrO2(s), (Fe, Mg, Cu)(Cr, Fe, Al)04(s), Cr2O3(s), and Ca3(AsO4)2(s). Arsenic was also identified in the fine particles as KH2AsO4(s) and As2O3(s). A strong indication of hexavalent chromium in the form of K2CrO4 or as a solid solution between K3Na(CrO4)2 and K3Na(SO4)2 was found in the fine particles. Good qualitative agreement was observed between experimental data and chemical equilibrium model calculations.

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Effect of hydrated lime on the migration behavior of selenium in the MSWI plants: Experimental and theoretical study

Yuan

Huang

et al. 2022

Chemical Engineering Journal

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Trace Metal Distribution and Control in the Pilot-Scale Bubbling Fluidized Bed Combustor Equipped with the Pulse-Jet Fabric Filter, Limestone Injection, and the Humidification Reactor

Cited by 7 publications

References 15 publications

Mercury Interaction with the Fine Fraction of Coal-Combustion Fly Ash in a Simulated Coal Power Plant Flue Gas Stream

Mercury Interaction with the Fine Fraction of Coal-Combustion Fly Ash in a Simulated Coal Power Plant Flue Gas Stream

Fate of Cu, Cr, and As During Combustion of Impregnated Wood with and without Peat Additive

Effect of hydrated lime on the migration behavior of selenium in the MSWI plants: Experimental and theoretical study

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