TraceeElements in Leccinum scabrum mushrooms and topsoils from Kłodzka Dale in Sudety Mountains, Poland

Abstract

In the current study, we determined concentrations and transfer rates of Ag, Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, P, Rb, Sr and Zn to Brown Birch Scaber Stalks (Leccinum scabrum) mushrooms emerged in the area of Sudety Mountains (Sudetes) in Poland. Fruiting bodies and topsoil samples beneath L. scabrum were collected form the Kłodzka Dale. The trace elements were determined using validated method and inductively coupled plasma -atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) for final measurement. Mushrooms contained Ag, Cr, Hg, Co, Ni and Sr at < 1.0 μg/g dry weight; Ba and Pb at ~1.0 μg/g dw; Cd at < 5 μg/g dw; Cu and Mn at > 10 μg/g dw; Al and Ca at ~100 μg/g dw; Fe, Na, Rb and Zn at 100 to 500 μg/g dw, Mg at ~1,000 μg/g dw; P at ~5,000 μg/g dw and K at ~30,000 μg/g dw. Ca, Mn and Ni were nearly equally distributed between stipes and caps; stipes compared to caps were enriched in Ba, Na and Sr, while caps were enriched in Ag, Al, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, P, Pb, Rb and Zn. The values of bioconcentration factor (BCF) varied highly depending on chemical element and were >1 for Ag, Cd, Cu, K, Mg, Na, P, Rb and Zn, while <1 for Al, Ba, Ca, Co, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Sr. Topsoil showed elevated content of lead and mean concentration was 99 ± 32 μg/g dw, while cadmium was at 0.41 ± 0.15 and those two highly toxic to human elements occurred in edible caps of L. scabrum at 4.5 ± 2.2 and 2.9 ± 2.0 μg/g dw, respectively.

Content and Bioaccumulation of Nine Mineral Elements in Ten Mushroom Species of the GenusBoletus

“…The caps of Boletus contained higher contents of K, P, Cu, Mg, and Zn and lower contents of Mn when compared to stalks. Reports also suggested similar results for these elements in Boletus edulis , Boletus subtomentosus , and Boletus scaber [ 26 , 37 , 38 ]. However, the contents of Ca, Fe, and Na between caps and stalks have no certain regularity ( Table 2 ).…”

Variations in Element Levels Accumulated in Different Parts ofBoletus edulisCollected from Central Yunnan Province, China

“…Higher Qc/s value of 2.8 was obtained for King Bolete collected from Pbocka Dale in Poland [34]. In addition, Cu contents in caps of Leccinum mushrooms from Poland were half or even less than in stipes [41].…”

The mercury concentration in mushrooms (Leccinum scabrum and Amanita muscaria) collected in Poland

“…[32] badali próbki grzybów pochodzące z Doliny Kłodzkiej w Sudetach. Wykazano, że stężenie Hg w nóżkach wynosiło 0,210 ppm suchej masy, natomiast w kapeluszach -0,380 ppm [32]. Stężenie Hg w nóżkach i kapeluszach z tego regionu było zbliżone do stężenia Hg w badanych własnych.…”

“…Zarówno w badaniach D. Zhang i wsp. [32], J. Falandysza i wsp. [31], jak i własnych kapelusze koźlarza babki zawierały większe stężenie Hg niż nóżki.…”