The diagnosis of bronchus cardiacus accessorius dexter (BCAD) has occurred in 25 cases
during the bronchoscopic investigations of 30,000 adult patients of the authors. In most of the
cases, this bronchial anomaly has been revealed as an accessory phenomenon, nevertheless, in
one of the patients, it was the source of a considerable hemorrhage. In another case reported
here in detail, it occurred together with multiple developmental anomalies, such as
tracheobronchomegaly, mitral valve prolapse, pectus excavatum, hypoplasy of sinus frontalis
on the right side, inguinal hernia on the left side and hyperlipidemia type IV. Family
analysis did not confirm the presence of any chromosomal disorders or accumulation of
similar developmental anomalies. The forms and frequency of associations of the anomalies
are surveyed on the basis of literary data. The recognition of BCAD is of diagnostic
importance, since it may explain the persistence of some bronchopulmonary symptoms;
furthermore, the exploration of the associated abnormal vascular branches may be very useful
in case of an eventual thoracic surgical intervention.