“…In terms of the methods used to assess students' manipulative skills in science practical, there are basically two main assessment methods, known as post-laboratory write-up and formative assessment of skills development (Wright, Read, Hughes, & Hyde, 2018). The use of post-laboratory write-up, namely scientific report, was widely and commonly adopted to assess a large number of students in a practical class (Wright et al, 2018). Nevertheless, the formative assessment in Chemistry practical included on-site observation (Chen, She, Chou, Tsai, & Chiu, 2013), use of recorded video for post-laboratory review (Towns, Harwood, Robertshaw, Fish, & O'Shea, 2015), portfolio (Wright et al, 2018), and school-based continuous assessment (such as Science Practical Work Assessment, PEKA) (Lian & Yew, 2013).…”