Tracking motion of topological defects in a stripe charge-ordered phase with continuously variable temperature cryo-STEM

Spontaneous Supercrystal Formation During a Strain‐Engineered Metal–Insulator Transition

“…X-ray spectroscopy at a nanoscale would also be available on the new sources, which could provide complementary electronic information. In parallel, recent advances in variable-temperature cryo-STEM [18,19] may also provide access to map the interplay between the fine 30 nm structure and the larger 250 nm domains at controlled temperatures. Machine learning approaches for multiscale hierarchical structures will be useful to further identify structures with better spatial and especially temporal resolution, using, for example, additional limitations on input.…”

“…Cryo-STEM provided atomic-scale resolution, but is limited to small (tens to hundreds of nanometers) areas, is more invasive, and is only now being extended to arbitrary cryogenic temperatures. [18,19] X-ray nanodiffraction and cryo-STEM are therefore complementary techniques that provide information on different length scales and in different geometry ("top", or in-plane, view in X-ray nanodiffraction, "side", or cross-cut, view in cryo-STEM). The Bragg diffraction from the film illuminated by a focused X-ray, schematically shown in Figure 2a depends on the local crystal structure, that is, regions in the film with significantly different lattice periods along the probed wavevector manifest as separate Bragg peaks on the detector.…”