Tracking of several objects in a seismic detector

Railway Traffic Monitoring System by Seismic Methods

“…However, in our opinion, vibrations generated by a moving object are one of the most important components of information signals. They carry a large amount of useful information and, with proper processing, can become a source of a number of other important characteristics of monitoring objects, in addition to assessing the condition of the soil base of the embankment, for example, such as the speed and weight characteristics of the rolling stock itself [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. The system proposed in this article based on the registration and analysis of seismic signals, in our opinion, will accelerate the implementation of large-scale monitoring of the movement of railway transport.…”

“…In some cases, it is fully capable of replacing complex induction systems, radio detectors, or expensive video equipment, as well as supplementing their work, increasing the accuracy of data acquisition and significantly expanding the functionality. In the course of its movement, the train is constantly generating seismic signals or vibrations, which are transmitted from the wheel through the rail and sleepers into the unpaved embankment [2,[10][11][12][13][14]. Signals with the highest amplitude are generated when the wheel hits the rail joints.…”

“…Signals with the highest amplitude are generated when the wheel hits the rail joints. The presence of joints at the registration site leads to an increase in amplitude values by 2-5 times [2]. Therefore, the places near the joints or any characteristic irregularities of the rail are considered by us as more promising from the point of view of the location of the sensors for registering signals from the monitoring system.…”

“…The main energy of all signal components (about 93% of the vertical and about 75% of the horizontal) is concentrated in the frequency range from 40 to 60 Hz and from 80-120 Hz, which makes these frequency bands the most attractive for analysis and processing. In addition, with increasing frequency, the rate of damping of vibrations in the ground also increases [2,15,16]. The amplitudes of the recorded seismic signals depend on a number of factors.…”

“…Thus, the amplitudes increase with increasing moisture content and decreasing soil density. Consequently, the listed parameters must be known or can be measured when registering signals and must be taken into account when monitoring [2,[17][18][19][20]. Among other things, an excessive increase in the amplitude level of vibrations may indicate the presence of all kinds of ballast inhomogeneities in the soils and, as a consequence, a potentially dangerous emergency state of this section of the track.…”