Tracking parasitoids with the stable isotope 44Ca in agroecosystems

Wanner, Heike; Gu, Hainan; Hattendorf, Bodo; Günther, Detlef; Dorn, Silvia

doi:10.1016/j.agee.2006.05.005

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…marking zone. Marked braconids have been recovered up to 30 m from a nectar source (Freeman Long et al 1998, Scarratt et al 2008) and at distances of 50 m (Wanner et al 2007) and 60 m (Fernandes et al 1997) from the point of release. P. relictus movement from one high-host-density patch to another is clearly possible, and interspersed trap crops help facilitate parasitoid dispersal throughout organic strawberries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Density and Movement of theLygusspp. ParasitoidPeristenus relictus(Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in Organic Strawberries With Alfalfa Trap Crops

et al. 2014

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Alfalfa trap crops are currently used to manage Lygus spp. in organic strawberry fields on the California Central Coast. The retention of Lygus spp. in alfalfa creates aggregated distributions that provide improved opportunities for biological control by the introduced parasitoid Peristenus relictus (Ruthe). The abundance and distribution of P. relictus between two trap crops separated by 50 strawberry rows were analyzed in 2008 and 2010. Parasitism of Lygus spp. nymphs by P. relictus (measured by larval abundance and % parasitism) was greatest in alfalfa trap crops compared with strawberry rows. A significantly positive correlation between host nymphs and P. relictus larvae in and between trap crops was found. Movement of P. relictus adults from a marked alfalfa trap crop into adjacent strawberry rows or trap crops was also studied in 2008 and 2009 using a chicken egg-albumin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay mark-capture technique. In 2008 and 2009, 85 and 49% of protein-marked wasps were captured from central trap crops, respectively, indicating that alfalfa trap crops act as a concentrated "host-density anchor" in organic strawberry fields.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Density and Movement of theLygusspp. ParasitoidPeristenus relictus(Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in Organic Strawberries With Alfalfa Trap Crops

et al. 2014

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“…Furthermore, because gregarious parasitoids may benefit in general from superparasitism when suitable hosts are scarce in a habitat, spatial interactions at the ecosystem level are a key factor in determining the parasitoid’s clutch decisions. Considering recent advances in the study of superparasitism in the field (as reviewed above), as well as in marking and tracing parasitoids (Wanner et al , 2006b, 2007), this area is wide open for future research.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, one cluster of 7–150 larvae on approximately one in every 200–300 Brassica plants has been reported for the Netherlands (Vos & Hemerik, 2003). Volatiles emitted upon herbivory attract the parasitoid shortly after infestation (Scascighini et al ., 2005), and foraging females can locate rare infested plants embedded in an environment with numerous healthy plants over a distance of at least 50 m within 3 days (Wanner et al ., 2007). Adult females spend much time searching for hosts, and are prone to be time‐ rather than egg‐limited.…”

Section: Parasitoid Ecology Behaviour and Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Superparasitism in gregarious hymenopteran parasitoids: ecological, behavioural and physiological perspectives

Dorn

Beckage

2007

Physiological Entomology

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. Superparasitism in gregarious wasps occurs with the deposition of a clutch of eggs by a female into a host already parasitized by itself or a conspecific female. This review synthesizes and interprets the available results in the literature reported from field studies, and from behavioural and physiological investigations. To study superparasitism at the ecosystem level, methodological issues have to be solved to determine threshold values beyond which multiple offspring can be indisputably classified as originating from superparasitism. This life strategy is then discussed from the parasitoid's perspective, considering time and egg limitation, host discrimination, clutch size, offspring body size and sex ratio, as well as development time and survival rate of offspring, with special emphasis on physiological facilitation and constraints. Then, superparasitism in gregarious species is evaluated from the host's angle, addressing host survivorship and development, host food consumption and growth. Although superparasitism may be beneficial for either the first or the superparasitizing female, depending on the system, it is detrimental for both of them under conditions of extreme superparasitism. Recent methodological and experimental advances encourage further studies on the adaptive host choice under field and laboratory conditions, as well as on mechanisms underlying success of the first or the superparasitizing female and their progeny.

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“…[7][8][9] Besides an absence of harmful radiation, this approach has the further advantage of enabling multi-element studies, in which different isotopes can be added to the same meal. 10,11 However, it should be noted that spiking with large amounts of enriched-isotopes will result in a change of the dietary net consumption of inorganic nutrients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isotopic Analysis of Calcium in Blood Plasma and Bone from Mouse Samples by Multiple Collector-ICP-Mass Spectrometry

et al. 2008

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The biological processing of Ca produces significant stable isotope fractionation. The level of isotopic fractionation can provide key information about the variation in dietary consumption or Ca metabolism. To investigate this, we measured the 43 Ca/ 42 Ca and 44 Ca/ 42 Ca ratios for bone and blood plasma samples collected from mice of various ages using multiple collector-ICP-mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS). The 44 Ca/ 42 Ca ratio in bones was significantly (0.44 -0.84‰) lower than the corresponding ratios in the diet, suggesting that Ca was isotopically fractionated during Ca metabolism for bone formation. The resulting 44 Ca/ 42 Ca ratios for blood plasma showed almost identical, or slightly higher, values (0.03 -0.2‰) than found in a corresponding diet. This indicates that a significant amount of Ca in the blood plasma was from dietary sources. Unlike that discovered for Fe, there were no significant differences in the measured 44 Ca/ 42 Ca ratios between female and male specimens (for either bone or blood plasma samples). Similarity, the 44 Ca/ 42 Ca ratios suggests that there were no significant differences in Ca dietary consumption or Ca metabolism between female and male specimens. In contrast, the 44 Ca/ 42Ca ratios of blood plasma from mother mice during the lactation period were significantly higher than those for all other adult specimens. This suggests that Ca supplied to infants through lactation was isotopically lighter, and the preferential supply of isotopically lighter Ca resulted in isotopically heavier Ca in blood plasma of mother mice during the lactation period. The data obtained here clearly demonstrate that the Ca isotopic ratio has a potential to become a new tool for evaluating changes in dietary consumption, or Ca metabolism of animals. both of these two isotope tracer approaches are based on the assumption that the spiked isotope replaces the native element, and behaves in an identical manner. 1This indicates that mimicing of the isotopes to the native nutrients must be considered in order to obtain reliable data for elemental metabolism. Faced with this problem, we have developed a new isotope tracer technique based on changes in the isotopic composition of Ca due to a mass-dependent isotopic effect. Hence, no spiking with additional elements, such as radio isotopes or enriched isotopes, was required, and therefore, no mimicing to the native nutrients is required. Moreover, it should be noted that the present stable isotope approach allows regular monitoring of the nutritional status of Ca of the donor without any spiking or addition of isotopes. The measurement of stable isotopes of nitrogen ( 15 N/ 14 N) and carbon ( 13 C/ 12 C) is a useful tool to trace trophic relationships and food webs. 3,12,13 This method assumes that, during the assimilation process, there is an enrichment in heavy isotopes (i.e., 13 C or 15 N) compared to the dietary intake, which is compensated by the preferential excretion of lighter isotopes. 14,15 The isotopic composition of an animals' tissue reflec...

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Tracking parasitoids with the stable isotope 44Ca in agroecosystems

Cited by 15 publications

References 26 publications

Spatial Density and Movement of theLygusspp. ParasitoidPeristenus relictus(Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in Organic Strawberries With Alfalfa Trap Crops

Spatial Density and Movement of theLygusspp. ParasitoidPeristenus relictus(Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in Organic Strawberries With Alfalfa Trap Crops

Superparasitism in gregarious hymenopteran parasitoids: ecological, behavioural and physiological perspectives

Isotopic Analysis of Calcium in Blood Plasma and Bone from Mouse Samples by Multiple Collector-ICP-Mass Spectrometry

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