Tracking Technical Refinement in Elite Performers: The Good, the Better, and the Ugly

Abstract

This study extends coaching research examining the practical implementation of technical refinement in elite-level golfers. In doing so, we provide an initial check of precepts pertaining to the Five-A Model and, examine the dynamics between coaching, psychomotor, biomechanical and psychological inputs to the process. Three case studies of golfers attempting refinements to their already well-established techniques are reported. Kinematic data were supplemented with intra-individual movement variability and self-perceptions of mental effort as measures of tracking behaviour and motor control. Results showed different levels of success in refining technique and subsequent ability to return to executing under largely subconscious control. In one case, the technique was refined as intended but without consistent reduction of conscious attention, in another, both were successfully apparent, whereas in the third case neither was achieved. Implications of these studies are discussed with reference to the process' interdisciplinary nature and importance of the initial and final stages.

Implementing technical refinement in high-level athletics: exploring the knowledge schemas of coaches

“…Although guidelines for addressing technique refinement exist within the academic (Carson & Collins, 2011;Hanin & Hanina, 2009) and industry literature (Tomlins, 2016), along with a small number of case studies (e.g., Carson & Collins, 2015;Collins et al, 1999;Hanin et al, 2002), the current sample did not identify any formal guidelines for its implementation. There is growing evidence that the process for refining technique is subtly, but importantly, different from that of acquiring technique.…”

The prevalence and influence of psychosocial factors on technical refinement amongst highly-skilled tennis players

“…Indeed, this self-reflection highlights an important distinction between initial learning and later refinement, suggesting that processes involved in one might not be directly applicable to the other (Carson & Collins, 2011). Carson and Collins (2015) recently documented accounts of unsuccessful refinement resulting, in part, from concomitant psychosocial factors including a failure to "buy-in" to the prescribed change. Such empirical evidence suggests that altering well-established motor skills involves a degree of risk given that performers are required to "de-chunk" a proceduralized movement pattern before reautomatizing the movement to be performed subconsciously (Beilock, Carr, MacMahon, & Starkes, 2002).…”

Implementing the Five-A Model of Technical Refinement: Key Roles of the Sport Psychologist

“…For example, Carson and Collins (2015) used an Apple iPad to show a golfer their ever-improving best attempt swing during training while requiring the use of kinesthetic imagery. The fact that the athlete is watching themselves first increases the level of personal meaning and motivation (because the movement is directly related to their performance) and second, serves to modify the memory trace through recoding of stimulus and response propositions.…”