Trade liberalisation and its impact on food security in Sub-Saharan Africa

Sibanda, Omphemetse S.

doi:10.1504/ijplap.2015.067782

Cited by 4 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Recent liberalisation of the pyrethrum sector in East Africa may provide new opportunities for this and other plant species (Sibanda, 2015). Recently industrialized nations including India, China and Brazil may be setting an example of how to exploit the commercial potential of plants, but this requires changes in regulatory policy to enable more widespread commercialisation of plant based products as pesticides.…”

Section: Commercial Potential and Future Prospectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pesticidal plants in Africa: A global vision of new biological control products from local uses

Stevenson

Isman

Belmain

2017

Industrial Crops and Products

182

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Botanical insecticides provide a multitude of chemistries for the development of new pest management products. Despite relatively low rates of expansion in botanically based pesticides, regulatory changes in many parts of the world are driving a renaissance for the development of new natural pest control products that are safer for human health and the environment. Africa is arguably the continent with the most to gain from developing natural plant-based pesticides. Hundreds of indigenous and exotic species with pesticidal properties have been reported from Africa through various farmer surveys and subsequent research, many of which have been confirmed to be active against a range of arthropod pests. On-farm use of pesticidal plants, particularly among resource-poor smallholder farmers, is widespread and familiar to many African farmers. Until recently, the pyrethrum industry was dominated by East African production through small holder farmers, showing that non-food cash crop *Manuscript Click here to view linked References 2 production of pesticidal plants is a realistic prospect in Africa when appropriate entrepreneurial investment and regulatory frameworks are established. This paper reviews the current status of research and commercialisation of pesticidal plant materials or botanically active substances that are used to control pests in Africa and establishes where major gaps lie and formulates a strategy for taking research forward in this area.

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Section: Commercial Potential and Future Prospectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pesticidal plants in Africa: A global vision of new biological control products from local uses

Stevenson

Isman

Belmain

2017

Industrial Crops and Products

182

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“…Small-scale farmers largely rely on maize, as a major source of energy and revenue [ 15 ]. With yield losses ranging from 30 to 100% that lead to food shortages and contribute to hunger and malnutrition [ 16 ], maize lethal necrosis is currently a threat to maize production and food security in Sub-Saharan Africa.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metagenomic analysis of viruses associated with maize lethal necrosis in Kenya

Wamaitha

Nigam

Maina

et al. 2018

Virol J

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BackgroundMaize lethal necrosis is caused by a synergistic co-infection of Maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) and a specific member of the Potyviridae, such as Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV), Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) or Johnson grass mosaic virus (JGMV). Typical maize lethal necrosis symptoms include severe yellowing and leaf drying from the edges. In Kenya, we detected plants showing typical and atypical symptoms. Both groups of plants often tested negative for SCMV by ELISA.MethodsWe used next-generation sequencing to identify viruses associated to maize lethal necrosis in Kenya through a metagenomics analysis. Symptomatic and asymptomatic leaf samples were collected from maize and sorghum representing sixteen counties.ResultsComplete and partial genomes were assembled for MCMV, SCMV, Maize streak virus (MSV) and Maize yellow dwarf virus-RMV (MYDV-RMV). These four viruses (MCMV, SCMV, MSV and MYDV-RMV) were found together in 30 of 68 samples. A geographic analysis showed that these viruses are widely distributed in Kenya. Phylogenetic analyses of nucleotide sequences showed that MCMV, MYDV-RMV and MSV are similar to isolates from East Africa and other parts of the world. Single nucleotide polymorphism, nucleotide and polyprotein sequence alignments identified three genetically distinct groups of SCMV in Kenya. Variation mapped to sequences at the border of NIb and the coat protein. Partial genome sequences were obtained for other four potyviruses and one polerovirus.ConclusionOur results uncover the complexity of the maize lethal necrosis epidemic in Kenya. MCMV, SCMV, MSV and MYDV-RMV are widely distributed and infect both maize and sorghum. SCMV population in Kenya is diverse and consists of numerous strains that are genetically different to isolates from other parts of the world. Several potyviruses, and possibly poleroviruses, are also involved.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12985-018-0999-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Several theories exist as the foundational basis for economic and development studies, from classical theories to neoclassical and modern theories. Notable for this study are: North's institutional change theories (North, 1990), Adam Smith's theory of comparative advantage (Merlitz, 2003;Weder, 2003;Wacziarg & Wallack, 2004;Sibanda, 2013;Sejkora & Sankot, 2017) amplified by Porter's model for geographic competitive advantage (Kaufman, Gittell & Merenda, 1994;Shehaan & Foss, 2009); Marx's historical materialism theory of development (Meir, 1994), Walt Rostow's economic growth theory (Rostow, 1960), and Porter's development driver's modes (Bakhshinejad, 2014). Furthermore, this study is based on liberal and modified economic theoretical framework, which assumes that productive efficiency will be achieved once states rationalise costs and process of their production by undertaking economic production in areas where there is relative production advantage.…”

Section: Principles and Foundational Basis For Economic Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The following four aspects of industrial strategy highlighted by Best (1990:265-6) are noteworthy and important to consider: (1) the encouragement of competition, (2) the seeking of a balance between co-operation and competition, (3) no planning industries of the future, but rather an examination of the requirements for sustaining competitive success and work to ensure that firms, which provide the real dynamic thrust, can respond quickly as new markets emerge, and (4) the need for independence, but hands-on industry studies and the integration of 'thinkers and doers' from different institutions that are able and willing to think long term. (Sejkora & Sankot, 2017;Sibanda, 2013;Wacziarg & Wallack, 2004;Weder, 2003;Merlitz, 2003;Porter, 1990). Comparative advantage "exists for an economy if the cost of producing that good or service is relatively lower for that economy than of any other economy" (Sibanda, 2013:822).…”

Section: Sound Industrialisation Strategy Regulatory and Policy Frame...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Comparative advantage "exists for an economy if the cost of producing that good or service is relatively lower for that economy than of any other economy" (Sibanda, 2013:822). In terms of CA, for example, South Africa should leverage export of maize meal instead of rice because it has a comparative advantage for producing maize by industrialised and technologically advanced farmers compared to rice that is produced by small subsistence and/or small-hold farmers (Sibanda, 2013). Rice production Original Research www.koersjournal.org.za and exportation must be left to high-yielding areas of irrigated rice found in China, Egypt, Thailand, and the Senegal River Valley in Africa, for example.…”

Section: Sound Industrialisation Strategy Regulatory and Policy Frame...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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AfCTA and the Trajectory of Industrialisation and Development Sustainability in Africa

Sibanda

2020

KOERS

Self Cite

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In 2018 the African Union Commission launched the first Africa Industrialisation Week to promote regional value chains development in Africa, to provide A Pathway for Accelerating Africa’s Structural Transformation, Industrialisation and Pharmaceutical Production. This paper will investigate the trajectory and key elements of Africa’s industrialisation. In particular, the paper will look into how the industrialisation will promote and enhance its sustainable development. Considered also will be harmonisation and regional integration; economic strategies beneficial for African countries; appropriate regulatory and policy regime; and issues structural transformation including reallocation of economic activities from less productive to more productive industrial sectors.

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Trade liberalisation and its impact on food security in Sub-Saharan Africa

Cited by 4 publications

References 17 publications

Pesticidal plants in Africa: A global vision of new biological control products from local uses

Pesticidal plants in Africa: A global vision of new biological control products from local uses

Metagenomic analysis of viruses associated with maize lethal necrosis in Kenya

AfCTA and the Trajectory of Industrialisation and Development Sustainability in Africa

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